Endocrine

Question 1

lab values in hyperparathyroidism

Answer 1

high calcium, high PTH, low phosphate

Question 2

lab values seen in hypoparathyroidism

Answer 2

decreased Calcium, Decreased PTH, decreased magnesium, elevated phosphate

Question 3

labs in hypothyroidism

Answer 3

increased TSH, decreased T4

Question 4

labs in hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

increased T4, decreased TSH

Question 5

exophthalamous, pretibial myxedema, goiter, and lid lag are symptoms seen in …

Answer 5

Grave’s disease

Question 6

treatment of hypothyroidism

Answer 6

levothyroxine

Question 7

when starting someone on levothyroxine, when should you measure their TSH

Answer 7

every 6 weeks

Question 8

most common type of thyroid cancer

Answer 8

papillary

Question 9

cold nodule on thyroid scan is indicative of

Answer 9

thyroid cancer

Question 10

labs found in addison’s disease

Answer 10

hyperkalemia, hyponatremia

Question 11

excess of growth hormone from anterior pituitary - in adults

Answer 11

acromegaly

Question 12

excess of growth hormone from anterior pituitary - in children

Answer 12

gigantism

Question 13

primary adrenal cortical insufficiency

Answer 13

addison’s disease

Question 14

most common cause of adrenal cortisol dysfunction

Answer 14

corticosteroid use

Question 15

two physical exam findings that are only seen in addison’s disease and not secondary adrenal cortical insufficiency

Answer 15

hyperpigmentation of the skin, orthostatic hypotension

Question 16

ACTH level in primary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 16

elevated

Question 17

ACTH level in secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 17

decreased

Question 18

test to differentiate between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 18

give a high dose of ACTH – if cortisol rises = secondary adrenal insufficiency, if cortisol level stays the same = primary (addison’s)

Question 19

treatment of addison’s disease

Answer 19

hydrocortisone and flutacortisone

Question 20

treatment of secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 20

hydrocortisone

Question 21

most common cause of cushing syndrome

Answer 21

steroid use

Question 22

PE findings of someone with cushing syndrome/disease

Answer 22

obesity, buffalo hump, striae, thin extremities, moon faces, HTN, acanthosis nigricans

Question 23

initial screening test for cushings syndrome

Answer 23

24 hr free urine cortisol

Question 24

test to differentiate between cushings syndrome and disease

Answer 24

high dose suppression test - if cortisol decreases = disease

Question 25

polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are sx of which disorder

Answer 25

diabetes

Question 26

4 lab values that can DX DM

Answer 26

1. Fasting blood glucose >126, on two occasions 2. 2 hour glucose tolerance test >200 3. A1C >6.5 4. Random blood glucose >200 with symptoms

Question 27

low blood sugar overnight with rebound high blood sugar in the morning

Answer 27

somogi phenomenon

Question 28

BGL over 250, pH <7.3 and ketones in the urine

Answer 28

DKA

Question 29

treatment for DKA

Answer 29

SIPS - saline, insulin, potassium, search for cause

Question 30

BGL over 600 with a normal pH

Answer 30

HHS

Question 31

MEN Type I cancers

Answer 31

pituitary, parathyroid, pancreatic

Question 32

MEN Type IIA

Answer 32

medullary thyroid, pheochromocytoma, parathyroid

Question 33

MEN Type IIB

Answer 33

medullary thyroid, mucosal neuroma, marfoid body habitus, pheochromocytoma

Question 34

MEN disorders have what type of inheritance

Answer 34

Autosomal dominant

Question 35

most common risk factor for thyroid cancer

Answer 35

radiation exposure

Question 36

catecholamine secreting adrenal tumor, results in high BP and a headache

Answer 36

pheochromocytoma

Question 37

Dx test for pheochromocytoma

Answer 37

24 hr catecholamines

Question 38

what medications need to be given prior to having an adrenalectomy due to pheochromocytoma

Answer 38

alpha blocker and beta blocker

Question 39

decreased serum osmolality and increased urine osmolality

Answer 39

SIADH

Question 40

complication of correcting serum Na too quickly

Answer 40

central pontine myelinolysis

Question 41

tap of facial nerve elicits cheek twitch

Answer 41

Chvostek's sign -- hypocalcemia

Question 42

BP cuff inflation elicits carpal spasm

Answer 42

Trousseu's sign -- hypocalcemia

Question 43

increased serum osmolality and decreased urine osmolality

Answer 43

diabetes insipidus

Question 44

type of DI that has no ADH production

Answer 44

central DI

Question 45

type of DI that has partial or complete insensitivity to ADH

Answer 45

nephrogenic DI

Question 46

tx of central DI

Answer 46

desmopressin

Question 47

tx of nephrogenic DI

Answer 47

decreased Na, remove drug causing, HCTZ

Question 48

test to differentiate between central and nephrogenic DI

Answer 48

desmopression stimulation test, if urine output decreases it is central

Question 49

treatment for dwarfism

Answer 49

growth hormone

Question 50

low TSH, high T4

Answer 50

hyperthyroidism

Question 51

most common cause of hyperthyroidism

Answer 51

grave's diease

Question 52

Increased TSH, low T4

Answer 52

hypothyroidism

Question 53

most common cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 53

Hassimoto's

Question 54

test to confirm Grave's disaese

Answer 54

anti-thyrotropin antiboties

Question 55

test to confirm Hassimoto's

Answer 55

anti-TPO antibodies

Question 56

most common cause of thyroid pain

Answer 56

subacute thyroiditis

Question 57

treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy

Answer 57

PTU for first trimester, then metheimazole

Question 58

treatment for hyperthyroidism

Answer 58

PTU, metheimazole, thryoidectomy

Question 59

treatment for hypothyroidism

Answer 59

levothyroxine