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pance review > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

lab values in hyperparathyroidism

A

high calcium, high PTH, low phosphate

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2
Q

lab values seen in hypoparathyroidism

A

decreased Calcium, Decreased PTH, decreased magnesium, elevated phosphate

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3
Q

labs in hypothyroidism

A

increased TSH, decreased T4

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4
Q

labs in hyperthyroidism

A

increased T4, decreased TSH

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5
Q

exophthalamous, pretibial myxedema, goiter, and lid lag are symptoms seen in …

A

Grave’s disease

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6
Q

treatment of hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

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7
Q

when starting someone on levothyroxine, when should you measure their TSH

A

every 6 weeks

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8
Q

most common type of thyroid cancer

A

papillary

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9
Q

cold nodule on thyroid scan is indicative of

A

thyroid cancer

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10
Q

labs found in addison’s disease

A

hyperkalemia, hyponatremia

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11
Q

excess of growth hormone from anterior pituitary - in adults

A

acromegaly

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12
Q

excess of growth hormone from anterior pituitary - in children

A

gigantism

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13
Q

primary adrenal cortical insufficiency

A

addison’s disease

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14
Q

most common cause of adrenal cortisol dysfunction

A

corticosteroid use

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15
Q

two physical exam findings that are only seen in addison’s disease and not secondary adrenal cortical insufficiency

A

hyperpigmentation of the skin, orthostatic hypotension

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16
Q

ACTH level in primary adrenal insufficiency

A

elevated

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17
Q

ACTH level in secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

decreased

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18
Q

test to differentiate between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

give a high dose of ACTH – if cortisol rises = secondary adrenal insufficiency, if cortisol level stays the same = primary (addison’s)

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19
Q

treatment of addison’s disease

A

hydrocortisone and flutacortisone

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20
Q

treatment of secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

hydrocortisone

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21
Q

most common cause of cushing syndrome

A

steroid use

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22
Q

PE findings of someone with cushing syndrome/disease

A

obesity, buffalo hump, striae, thin extremities, moon faces, HTN, acanthosis nigricans

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23
Q

initial screening test for cushings syndrome

A

24 hr free urine cortisol

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24
Q

test to differentiate between cushings syndrome and disease

A

high dose suppression test - if cortisol decreases = disease

25
Q

polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are sx of which disorder

A

diabetes

26
Q

4 lab values that can DX DM

A
  1. Fasting blood glucose >126, on two occasions
  2. 2 hour glucose tolerance test >200
  3. A1C >6.5
  4. Random blood glucose >200 with symptoms
27
Q

low blood sugar overnight with rebound high blood sugar in the morning

A

somogi phenomenon

28
Q

BGL over 250, pH <7.3 and ketones in the urine

A

DKA

29
Q

treatment for DKA

A

SIPS - saline, insulin, potassium, search for cause

30
Q

BGL over 600 with a normal pH

A

HHS

31
Q

MEN Type I cancers

A

pituitary, parathyroid, pancreatic

32
Q

MEN Type IIA

A

medullary thyroid, pheochromocytoma, parathyroid

33
Q

MEN Type IIB

A

medullary thyroid, mucosal neuroma, marfoid body habitus, pheochromocytoma

34
Q

MEN disorders have what type of inheritance

A

Autosomal dominant

35
Q

most common risk factor for thyroid cancer

A

radiation exposure

36
Q

catecholamine secreting adrenal tumor, results in high BP and a headache

A

pheochromocytoma

37
Q

Dx test for pheochromocytoma

A

24 hr catecholamines

38
Q

what medications need to be given prior to having an adrenalectomy due to pheochromocytoma

A

alpha blocker and beta blocker

39
Q

decreased serum osmolality and increased urine osmolality

A

SIADH

40
Q

complication of correcting serum Na too quickly

A

central pontine myelinolysis

41
Q

tap of facial nerve elicits cheek twitch

A

Chvostek’s sign – hypocalcemia

42
Q

BP cuff inflation elicits carpal spasm

A

Trousseu’s sign – hypocalcemia

43
Q

increased serum osmolality and decreased urine osmolality

A

diabetes insipidus

44
Q

type of DI that has no ADH production

A

central DI

45
Q

type of DI that has partial or complete insensitivity to ADH

A

nephrogenic DI

46
Q

tx of central DI

A

desmopressin

47
Q

tx of nephrogenic DI

A

decreased Na, remove drug causing, HCTZ

48
Q

test to differentiate between central and nephrogenic DI

A

desmopression stimulation test, if urine output decreases it is central

49
Q

treatment for dwarfism

A

growth hormone

50
Q

low TSH, high T4

A

hyperthyroidism

51
Q

most common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

grave’s diease

52
Q

Increased TSH, low T4

A

hypothyroidism

53
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hassimoto’s

54
Q

test to confirm Grave’s disaese

A

anti-thyrotropin antiboties

55
Q

test to confirm Hassimoto’s

A

anti-TPO antibodies

56
Q

most common cause of thyroid pain

A

subacute thyroiditis

57
Q

treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy

A

PTU for first trimester, then metheimazole

58
Q

treatment for hyperthyroidism

A

PTU, metheimazole, thryoidectomy

59
Q

treatment for hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

pance review (9 decks)

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