GI Flashcards
infectious esophagitis typically occurs in which patient population?
immunocompromised
study of choice to diagnose esophagitis
EGD and biopsy
birds beak stricture on barium swallow is diagnostic for
Achalasia
non-penetrating mucosal tear at the GE junction from excessive vomiting
mallory weiss tear
most common cancer in lower esophagus
adenocarcinoma
which type of cancer is liked to Barrett’s esophagitis
adenocarcinoma
most common cancer found in mid-upper esophagus
squamous cell carcinoma
protrusion of pharyngeal mucosa at proximal esophagus, patient often has halitosis
zenker’s diverticulum
esophageal varices develop secondary to…
portal hypertension (cirrhosis)
red flag symptoms with GERD
progressive dysphagia, recurrent pneumonia, persistent cough, bleeding
treatment for GERD
lifestyle modifications, antacids, H2 blockers, PPI
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
test for H. pylori
urea breath test
most common gastric neoplasm
adenocarcinoma
gastrin producing tumor that leads to refractory PUD
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
deep, gnawing or burning pain in epigastric region, nausea, relief with food - DX?
peptic ulcer disease
treatment of H. pylori
bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline or amoxicillin, and PPI (omeprazole)
RUQ pain, fever, leukocytosis -DX?
cholecystitis
positive murphys sign - DX?
cholecystitis (stops inhalation on palpation of RUQ)
Hepatitis that is fecal oral and does not lead to chronic hepatitis
Hepatitis A and E
Hepatitis that have a vaccine to prevent?
A and B
Hepatitis that is spread though bodily fluids/blood and sexual contact and can develop into a chronic infection
Hepatitis B
main cause of transfusion hepatitis
Hepatitis C
Which hepatitis is linked to hepatocellular cancer?
Hepatitis C
Which hepatitis must have a co-infection with hepatitis B
Hepatitis D
Jaundice, edema, spider angiomas, telangiectasis, palmar erythema are all PE findings for which DX?
Cirrhosis
mid-epigastic/LUQ pain, boring pain, radiation to the back, N/V with food - DX?
Pancreatitis
flank ecchymosis
turner’s sign
periumbilical ecchymosis
cullen’s sign
labs for pancreatitis
amylase and lipase
treatment for pancreatitis
pain control, NPO, fluids
most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
alcohol abuse
most common type of pancreatic cancer
adenocarcinoma
painless jaundice, weight loss, N/V, epigastric pain - DX?
pancreatic cancer
Pain in RLQ
McBurney’s point (appendicitis)
signs of peritonitis in appendicitis
Rovsing’s sign, Psoas/Obturator signs
acute LLQ pain, anorexia, fever, chills, N/V - DX?
diverticulitis
UC or Crohns? Starts in rectum and is continuous, no fissures or fistulas, loss of haustral markings (lead pipe sign), pseudopolyps
UC
definitive treatment of UC
colectomy is curative
UC or Crohns? Skip lesions, cobblestones, fistulas and fissures are common
Crohns
Dx of celiac disease
Tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibodies, small bowel biopsy (definitive)
most common cause of chronic/recurrent abdominal pain in US
IBD
crampy, lower abdominal pain that is relieved by deification
IBD
acute abdominal pain, melena, clinical findings are out of proportion to physical exam findings
ischemic bowel disease (mesenteric ischemia)
most common type of colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma
change in bowel habits, pain, bleeding, change in stool diameter, weight loss - DX?
colon cancer
tumor marker for colorectal cancer
CEA (used to monitor and detect)
abscess in sacrococcygeal cleft
pilonidal disease
night blindess is a sign of which nutritional deficiency
Vitamin A
poor wound healing and bleeding guns are a sign of which nutritional deficiency
Vitamin C - scurvy
