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PANCE Review > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

infection and inflammation of the smaller airways, common in children

A

bronchiolitis

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2
Q

most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

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3
Q

inflammation of the large airways of the tracheobronchial tree due to an infectious agent

A

bronchitis

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4
Q

most common cause of community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumoniae

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5
Q

fever, chills, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss and cough - DX?

A

Tuberculosis

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6
Q

Positive PPD for a patient without any risk factors for TB

A

> 15 mm induration

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7
Q

positive PPD for a patient who is from a country of high prevalence, IVDU, employed in a high risk setting

A

> 10 mm induration

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8
Q

positive PPD for a patient that is HIV positive, immunosuppressed, or had an organ transplant

A

> 5mm induration

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9
Q

findings on a chest X-ray of TB

A

apical or posterior segments of upper lobe with cavities

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10
Q

most common type of lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

most aggressive type of lung cancer

A

small cell carcinoma

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12
Q

size of a solitary lung nodule

A

<3 cm

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13
Q

mass in extreme apex of lung that causes shoulder pain and Horner syndrome

A

Pancoast tumor

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14
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is reversible

A

asthma

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15
Q

asthma symptoms <2 times a week with night time symptoms < 2 times per month

A

intermittent asthma

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16
Q

asthma symptoms >2 times a week with night time symptoms >2 times per month

A

mild persistent asthma

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17
Q

asthma symptoms daily with night time symptoms >6 times per month

A

moderate persistant asthma

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18
Q

asthma symptoms that are continuous and frequent

A

severe persistent

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19
Q

PFT findings for asthma

A

FEV1 decrease >20%

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20
Q

unremitting asthma with rapidly increasing severity

A

status asthmaticus

21
Q

excessive sputum production with chronic and recurring cough

A

chronic bronchitis

22
Q

Blue bloater - obese, cyanotic, tachypnea, JVD

A

chronic bronchitis

23
Q

Pink puffer - thin, cachectic, pursed lip breathing, barrel chest

A

emphysema

24
Q

PFT findings with COPD

A

decreased FEV1

25
Q

abnormal and persistent dilation of the bronchi, chronic purulent sputum, hemoptysis

A

bronchiectasis

26
Q

autosomal recessive disorder that causes an abnormal production of mucus, causing obstruction

A

cystic fibrosis

27
Q

accumulation of significant volumes of pleural fluid

A

pleural effusion

28
Q

most common cause of transudative pleural effusion

A

CHF

29
Q

two most common causes of exudative pleural effusion

A

infection, malignancy

30
Q

exudative pleural effusion lab findings

A

increased protein, LDH upper limit of normal

31
Q

transudative pleural effusion lab findings

A

decreased protein, LDH lower than normal

32
Q

exam findings consistent with a pleural effusion

A

dull or flat to percussion, decreased lung sounds

33
Q

treatment of pleural effusion

A

thoracentesis

34
Q

patients most likely to have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

thin male smokers

35
Q

exam findings consistent with a pneumothroax

A

tympany on percussion, decreased breath sounds

36
Q

most common cause of a PE

A

DVT

37
Q

EKG findings for PE

A

most commonly sinus tachycardia, also S1Q3T3

38
Q

imaging used for PE most commonly

A

Spiral CTA

39
Q

gold standard imaging for PE

A

pulmonary angiography

40
Q

treatment for PE

A

anticoagulation for at least 3 months

41
Q

tests done to diagnose pulmonary hypertension

A

echo, pulmonary arteriogram

42
Q

right ventricular hypertrophy and failure resulting from pulmonary disease/hypoxia

A

cor pulmonale

43
Q

chronic fibrotic lung disease

A

pneumoconiosis

44
Q

noncaseating granulomatous inflammation

A

sarcoidosis

45
Q

elevated ACE levels are seen in..

A

sarcoidosis

46
Q

treatment of sarcoidosis

A

steroids

47
Q

deficiency of surfactant in newborns causing alveoli collapse

A

hyaline membrane disease

48
Q

treatment of hyaline membrane diasese

A

corticosteroids, CPAP

PANCE Review (9 decks)

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