Pulmonology

Question 1

infection and inflammation of the smaller airways, common in children

Answer 1

bronchiolitis

Question 2

most common cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 2

RSV

Question 3

inflammation of the large airways of the tracheobronchial tree due to an infectious agent

Answer 3

bronchitis

Question 4

most common cause of community acquired pneumonia

Answer 4

Strep. pneumoniae

Question 5

fever, chills, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss and cough - DX?

Answer 5

Tuberculosis

Question 6

Positive PPD for a patient without any risk factors for TB

Answer 6

> 15 mm induration

Question 7

positive PPD for a patient who is from a country of high prevalence, IVDU, employed in a high risk setting

Answer 7

> 10 mm induration

Question 8

positive PPD for a patient that is HIV positive, immunosuppressed, or had an organ transplant

Answer 8

> 5mm induration

Question 9

findings on a chest X-ray of TB

Answer 9

apical or posterior segments of upper lobe with cavities

Question 10

most common type of lung cancer

Answer 10

adenocarcinoma

Question 11

most aggressive type of lung cancer

Answer 11

small cell carcinoma

Question 12

size of a solitary lung nodule

Answer 12

<3 cm

Question 13

mass in extreme apex of lung that causes shoulder pain and Horner syndrome

Answer 13

Pancoast tumor

Question 14

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is reversible

Answer 14

asthma

Question 15

asthma symptoms <2 times a week with night time symptoms < 2 times per month

Answer 15

intermittent asthma

Question 16

asthma symptoms >2 times a week with night time symptoms >2 times per month

Answer 16

mild persistent asthma

Question 17

asthma symptoms daily with night time symptoms >6 times per month

Answer 17

moderate persistant asthma

Question 18

asthma symptoms that are continuous and frequent

Answer 18

severe persistent

Question 19

PFT findings for asthma

Answer 19

FEV1 decrease >20%

Question 20

unremitting asthma with rapidly increasing severity

Answer 20

status asthmaticus

Question 21

excessive sputum production with chronic and recurring cough

Answer 21

chronic bronchitis

Question 22

Blue bloater - obese, cyanotic, tachypnea, JVD

Answer 22

chronic bronchitis

Question 23

Pink puffer - thin, cachectic, pursed lip breathing, barrel chest

Answer 23

emphysema

Question 24

PFT findings with COPD

Answer 24

decreased FEV1

Question 25

abnormal and persistent dilation of the bronchi, chronic purulent sputum, hemoptysis

Answer 25

bronchiectasis

Question 26

autosomal recessive disorder that causes an abnormal production of mucus, causing obstruction

Answer 26

cystic fibrosis

Question 27

accumulation of significant volumes of pleural fluid

Answer 27

pleural effusion

Question 28

most common cause of transudative pleural effusion

Answer 28

CHF

Question 29

two most common causes of exudative pleural effusion

Answer 29

infection, malignancy

Question 30

exudative pleural effusion lab findings

Answer 30

increased protein, LDH upper limit of normal

Question 31

transudative pleural effusion lab findings

Answer 31

decreased protein, LDH lower than normal

Question 32

exam findings consistent with a pleural effusion

Answer 32

dull or flat to percussion, decreased lung sounds

Question 33

treatment of pleural effusion

Answer 33

thoracentesis

Question 34

patients most likely to have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 34

thin male smokers

Question 35

exam findings consistent with a pneumothroax

Answer 35

tympany on percussion, decreased breath sounds

Question 36

most common cause of a PE

Answer 36

DVT

Question 37

EKG findings for PE

Answer 37

most commonly sinus tachycardia, also S1Q3T3

Question 38

imaging used for PE most commonly

Answer 38

Spiral CTA

Question 39

gold standard imaging for PE

Answer 39

pulmonary angiography

Question 40

treatment for PE

Answer 40

anticoagulation for at least 3 months

Question 41

tests done to diagnose pulmonary hypertension

Answer 41

echo, pulmonary arteriogram

Question 42

right ventricular hypertrophy and failure resulting from pulmonary disease/hypoxia

Answer 42

cor pulmonale

Question 43

chronic fibrotic lung disease

Answer 43

pneumoconiosis

Question 44

noncaseating granulomatous inflammation

Answer 44

sarcoidosis

Question 45

elevated ACE levels are seen in..

Answer 45

sarcoidosis

Question 46

treatment of sarcoidosis

Answer 46

steroids

Question 47

deficiency of surfactant in newborns causing alveoli collapse

Answer 47

hyaline membrane disease

Question 48

treatment of hyaline membrane diasese

Answer 48

corticosteroids, CPAP