Pulmonology Flashcards
infection and inflammation of the smaller airways, common in children
bronchiolitis
most common cause of bronchiolitis
RSV
inflammation of the large airways of the tracheobronchial tree due to an infectious agent
bronchitis
most common cause of community acquired pneumonia
Strep. pneumoniae
fever, chills, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss and cough - DX?
Tuberculosis
Positive PPD for a patient without any risk factors for TB
> 15 mm induration
positive PPD for a patient who is from a country of high prevalence, IVDU, employed in a high risk setting
> 10 mm induration
positive PPD for a patient that is HIV positive, immunosuppressed, or had an organ transplant
> 5mm induration
findings on a chest X-ray of TB
apical or posterior segments of upper lobe with cavities
most common type of lung cancer
adenocarcinoma
most aggressive type of lung cancer
small cell carcinoma
size of a solitary lung nodule
<3 cm
mass in extreme apex of lung that causes shoulder pain and Horner syndrome
Pancoast tumor
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is reversible
asthma
asthma symptoms <2 times a week with night time symptoms < 2 times per month
intermittent asthma
asthma symptoms >2 times a week with night time symptoms >2 times per month
mild persistent asthma
asthma symptoms daily with night time symptoms >6 times per month
moderate persistant asthma
asthma symptoms that are continuous and frequent
severe persistent
PFT findings for asthma
FEV1 decrease >20%
unremitting asthma with rapidly increasing severity
status asthmaticus
excessive sputum production with chronic and recurring cough
chronic bronchitis
Blue bloater - obese, cyanotic, tachypnea, JVD
chronic bronchitis
Pink puffer - thin, cachectic, pursed lip breathing, barrel chest
emphysema
PFT findings with COPD
decreased FEV1
abnormal and persistent dilation of the bronchi, chronic purulent sputum, hemoptysis
bronchiectasis
autosomal recessive disorder that causes an abnormal production of mucus, causing obstruction
cystic fibrosis
accumulation of significant volumes of pleural fluid
pleural effusion
most common cause of transudative pleural effusion
CHF
two most common causes of exudative pleural effusion
infection, malignancy
exudative pleural effusion lab findings
increased protein, LDH upper limit of normal
transudative pleural effusion lab findings
decreased protein, LDH lower than normal
exam findings consistent with a pleural effusion
dull or flat to percussion, decreased lung sounds
treatment of pleural effusion
thoracentesis
patients most likely to have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax
thin male smokers
exam findings consistent with a pneumothroax
tympany on percussion, decreased breath sounds
most common cause of a PE
DVT
EKG findings for PE
most commonly sinus tachycardia, also S1Q3T3
imaging used for PE most commonly
Spiral CTA
gold standard imaging for PE
pulmonary angiography
treatment for PE
anticoagulation for at least 3 months
tests done to diagnose pulmonary hypertension
echo, pulmonary arteriogram
right ventricular hypertrophy and failure resulting from pulmonary disease/hypoxia
cor pulmonale
chronic fibrotic lung disease
pneumoconiosis
noncaseating granulomatous inflammation
sarcoidosis
elevated ACE levels are seen in..
sarcoidosis
treatment of sarcoidosis
steroids
deficiency of surfactant in newborns causing alveoli collapse
hyaline membrane disease
treatment of hyaline membrane diasese
corticosteroids, CPAP
