Psychology Flashcards
Positive vs. Negative symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, flight of ideas
Positive
Positive vs. Negative symptoms: anhedonia, lack of grooming, flat affect
Negative
Length of time associated with the diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder
symptoms for <1 month
Length of time associated with schizophreniform disorder
symptoms for < 6 months (but greater than 1 month)
Length of time associated with schizophrenia
symptoms for >6 months
Meets criteria for schizophrenia AND MDE or manic episode
schizoaffective disorder
Presence of at least 1 delusion, for 1 month of duration, and functioning is not impaired
Delusional Disorder
Primary indication for antipsychotic use
schizophrenia (also used in schizoaffective, manic episodes, Tourette’s syndrome)
First line medication for schizophrenia
the atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine)
major ADR with clozapine
agranulocytosis (monitor with CBC)
type of antipsychotics that help with positive symptoms
typical antipsychotics - haloperidol, thioridazine
type of antipsychotics that help with negative symptoms
atypical antipsychotics - olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine
excessive thought, feelings or behavior related to a symptom that the patient finds distressing. Symptoms present for more than 6 months, and have not physical findings to explain.
somatic symptom disorder
Patient with a neurologic complaint (paralysis, blindness, mutism) with no medical findings or explanation
conversion disorder
first line treatment of conversion disorder
psychotherapy
intentionally fake symptoms to assume sick role
factitious disorder
faking symptoms for gain
malingering
belief of having or fear of getting a serious illness
illness anxiety disorder
Medical symptom or condition is present, but patient’s behaviors adversely affect the medical condition
Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
depressed mood, anhedonia, weight change, fatigue, and feeling of worthlessness for at least two weeks
Major depressive disorder
depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at lease two years
persistent depressive disorder
child between the ages of 6-18 yo with severe temper outburst inconsistent with developmental level. symptoms occurring 3+ times a week for at least a year
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
At least five symptoms that occur in the final weeks prior to menses and improve with onset of menses. Symptoms may include anhedonia, lethargy, irritability, insomnia. Must affect functioning
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
2 week period of depressed mood or anhedonia
Major depressive episode
1 week of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
manic episode
4 days of mania, but no impairment in functioning
hypomanic episode
at least 1 manic episode, but may also have a major depressive episode or hypomanic episode
Bipolar I disorder
recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes, but never having a manic episode
Bipolar II disorder
hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for MDE for at least 2 years
cyclothymic disorder
First line medication for depressive disorders
SSRIs - fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram
Side effects associated with SSRIs
GI upset, HA, sexual dysfunction (MC on PANCE)
Medication used for depression that also helps with smoking cessation and does not have sexual side effects
Buproprion
Medication that is used for depression that can also help with weight gain and does not have sexual side effects
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
First line medication used for Bipolar disorders
Lithium
stay by themselves, not interested in sex or life partner
Schizoid PD
social anxiety, unusual or eccentric thoughts, difficulties in relationships although they desire them
schizotypal PD
suspiciousness, thinking people have ill intent, does not have a lot of trust in people and relationships, accuse partner of being unfaithful
paranoid PD
developed after conduct disorder, disregard for rules and laws, lack of empathy
Antisocial PD
chronic feeling of emptiness, lack of sense of self, emotional lability, swing through extremes of emotions
Borderline PD
always wants to be in spotlight, needs attention, rapidly shifting but shallow emotions
Histrionic PD
need to be liked and respected, think they are better and smarter than others, need others to look up to them, lack empathy
Narcissistic PD
avoid social interactions, do not want to be in positions which they will be rejected or criticized
Avoidant PD
difficulty making their own decisions, get into relationships where others make decisions for them
Dependent PD
perfectionism, rigid, taking a lot of time to make sure things are perfect, difficulty delegating tasks
obsessive compulsive PD
excessive worry for 6+ months
generalized anxiety disorder
recurrent panic attacks with worry of having another
panic disorder
fear or anxiety over situations that escaping might be difficult, symptoms occurring for 6+ months
Agoraphobia
irrational fear of a specific object or situation
specific phobia
fear of being in a situation where other people will be evaluating you
social anxiety disorder
recurrent and persistent thought that lead to repetitive behaviors
obsessive compulsive disorder
preoccupied with imagined or exaggerated physical defect in appearance
body dysmorphic disorder
difficulty discarding or parting with possessions regardless of their actual value, have a perceived need to save the items
hoarding disorder
recurrent pulling out of one’s hair resulting in hair loss
trichotillomania
compulsive or repetitive picking of skin
excoriation disorder
exposure to traumatic event that leads to intrusion symptoms, avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma, alterations in cognitions and mood and experience hyperarousal symptoms
PTSD
examples of intrusion symptoms
distressing memories, distressing dreams, dissociative reactions, psychological distress, physiological reactivity
Examples of hyperarousal symptoms
irritable behavior, angry outbursts, self-destructive behavior, hypervigilance, startle response, concentration difficulty, sleep disturbance
length of time associated with PTSD symptoms
more than 1 month
same symptoms of PTSD but resolve within a month
acute stress disorder
maladaptive reaction to a distressing life event or stressor, occurs within 3 months of stressor
adjustment disorder
eating nonutritive, nonfood substances
Pica
distorted body image, fear of getting fat, underweight (restrictive and binging/purging types)
anorexia nervosa
recurrent episodes of binge eating, compensatory behaviors for eating, normal or overweight
bulimia nervosa
recurrent episodes of binge eating, sense of lack of control, no use of compensatory behaviors
binge eating disorder
problematic pattern of substance use leading to impairment or distress
substance use disorder
deficits in social communication and social interaction with restricted, repetitive behaviors
autism spectrum disorder
symptoms before age 12 in two or more settings, including hyperactivity and inattentiveness
ADHD
violations of basic rights of others, aggression, destruction of property, can lead to antisocial personality disorder
conduct disorder
negativistic, hostile, defiant behavior, don’t want to follow the rules and talk back to members of authority
oppositional defiant disorder
