Reproductive/Pregnancy/Women's Health Flashcards
Physiological anemia of pregnancy
Increase of plasma volume when compared to production of RBC’s
Breast development Tanner stage III
Breast, nipples, and areola form one mound
Breast development Tanner stage IV
Breast, nipples, and areola form secondary mound
After 20 weeks gestation, how should fundal height be measured?
Measures the same as the number of weeks of gestation give or take 2 cm
Primary carbohydrate found in breast milk
Lactose
Full term infants should be back to birth weight at how many weeks?
2 weeks
Infants should lose no more than what percentage of their birth weight?
10%
What Tanner stage indicates the start of puberty?
Tanner stage II
What kind of bacteria is Trichomoniasis?
Protozoan with flagella
What is considered first line treatment for Trich?
Flagyl
Most common cause of female infertility
Ovulation disorders
Where is the fundus located at 12 weeks gestation?
Pubic symphysis
What is precocious puberty
Puberty that occurs before it is supposed to
What is the onset of normal puberty in females and males respectively?
Age 8, age 9
Best method to diagnose Candida albicans infection in primary care setting
Wet smear
Tznack smear
Used to detect herpes infection or SJS
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Symptoms felt by the patient
Best way to diagnose trich infection in primary care setting
Wet smear
What age is recommended to begin cervical cancer screenings?
Over age 21
Cervical cancer screening recommendation for women 21-65
Every 3 years with cytology (pap)
Cervical cancer screening recommendation for women 30-65 who want to lengthen intervals of cancer screening
Every 5 years with cytology and HPV co-test
What should a woman do if she misses two days of BC?
Take two pills immediately, two pills the next day, continue rest of pack
Classic triad of preeclampsia
Hypertension, edema (weight gain), proteinuria
HELLP syndrome
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count, usually diagnosed after preeclampsia
Chadwick’s sign
Bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina, present between 6-8 weeks of pregnancy/considered “probable” sign of pregnancy
Hegar’s sign
Softening of the lower uterine segment
Positive Coombs test
Mother has autoantibodies against Rh-positive RBC’s
Quickening
When mother first feels fetal movement
When does quickening usually occur?
16-20 weeks
Fundal height of 20 weeks gestation
At level of umbilicus
Tanner stage II in males
Penis length is unchanged
Tanner stage III in males
Penis begins to lengthen, testicles increase in volume, scrotum enlarges
Tanner stage IV in males
Penis increases in length and width
Tanner stage V in males
Scrotum and penis are matured
First menarche usually begins at what age?
Age 12, 2-3 years after tanner stage II
Caloric content of infant formula and breast milk
20 cals/30 mL
Antibiotic most appropriate for treating UTI in pregnant women
Cephalosporins
Antibiotic most appropriate for treating pyelonephritis in pregnant women
Cephalosporin and Augmentin, consider hospitalization
Screen for gestational diabetes, how many weeks?
24-28 weeks
McDonald’s Rule
Fundal height correlates with gestational age, 18-34 weeks
Test for syphilis
RPR, EIA, ABS
Test for chlamydia/gonorrhea
DNA probe
Test for trich
Wet prep
NAAT test
Most sensitive test for chlamydia
Antibiotic treatment for chlamydia
1 gram azithromycin (can give pregnant) or 100 mg doxycycline BID x 7 days, or if pregnant with macrolide allergy amoxicillin 500 mg TID x 7 days
Antibiotic treatment for gonorrhea
250 mg ceftriaxone, plus to treat possible co-infection of chlamydia
Hallmark “strawberry cervix”
Associated with trich infection
Four stages of syphilis
- Primary, 2. Secondary, 3. Latent, 4. Tertiary
Primary stage syphilis
Associated with painless chancre on genitalia that spontaneously resolves
Secondary stage of syphilils
Non-pruritic rash develops, usually on soles and palms, spontaneously resolves, warts on genitalia may appear
Latent stage of syphilis
Asymptomatic
Tertiary stage of syphilis
Associated with systemic manifestations
Charcot joints
Degeneration of weight bearing joints, associated with syphilis
Gumma
Skin lesions associated with syphilis
Rotterdam criteria
Used to diagnose PCOS
Two medication treatment options for PCOS
Contraceptives (progestin) and Metformin (decrease insulin sensitivity
Screening for osteoporosis
Begin at age 65
Most common breast masses
Fibroadenomas and cysts
When is ultrasound for breast considered?
Age < 30 and/or those with dense breast tissue with breast complaint
When is mammogram considered?
Age > 30 with breast complaint
American Cancer Society screening recommendation for breast cancer
Screening to begin at age 45, annually
Which contraception method has highest risk of osteoporosis?
Depo shot
What type of contraception is safe in breastfeeding
Progestin only
What kind of contraception is contraindicated in migraines?
Combo pills
Which contraception has the highest risk of blood clots?
Ortho evra
When if needed, is RhoGAM given?
28 weeks or 72 hours post partum
Two common conditions that increase AFP
- Multiple gestation, 2. Neural tube defects
Common condition that lower’s AFP
Down’s syndrome
What pap result warrants referral?
CIN 2/3, indicative of HPV cytology changes
What SSRI may be useful in treating symptoms of menopause?
Paxil
Two herbs used to treat symptoms of menopause
- Ginko, 2. Black cohosh
In what order should medication treatment for hyperthyroid be prescribed in pregnant women?
PTU in the 1st trimester, Tapazol in the 2nd trimester
Three best BP medications for pregnancy
- Methyldopa, 2. Labetalol, 3. Nifedipine
