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FNP Review > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

At what age should a child be able to draw a stick person, copy triangles, print some letters and numbers, and count to 10?

A

Age 5

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2
Q

Most common type of cancer in children

A

ALL

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3
Q

Age a child can copy a circle, throw a ball, and ride a tricycle

A

Age 3, think “all the circles”

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4
Q

Age a child can walk up stairs using one foot

A

Age 2

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5
Q

Age a child can copy a cross and draw stick person with 3 parts

A

Age 4, remember this as 4 as in a cross has 4 points

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6
Q

Age children can ride a bicycle

A

Age 5-6

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7
Q

Age an infant triples its birthweight

A

12 months

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8
Q

Age an infant doubles its birthweight

A

6 months

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9
Q

Difference between DTaP and Tdap

A

DTap is initial vaccine given to children under age 7, Tdap is given to children and adults after age 7 to boost immunity

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10
Q

What is the Td vaccine?

A

Used as a booster after Tdap, given every 10 years

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11
Q

What symptom is commonly reported after MMR vaccination?

A

Rash

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12
Q

MMR is contraindicated in patients with what allergies?

A

Neomycin and gelatin

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13
Q

How early can a scheduled vaccine be given?

A

4 days

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14
Q

If a live and/or attenuated vaccine is not given on the same day, when should the next one be given?

A

Must be given 4 weeks apart

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15
Q

First time flu vaccination under age 8

A

Must be given two doses four weeks apart

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16
Q

DSM V criteria to diagnose ADHD

A

Onset < 12, symptoms > 6 months, at least in two different settings

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17
Q

Asthma in children is treated like adult asthma, with two exceptions

A
  1. Addition of leukotriene blockers 2. How medications are administered
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18
Q

What medication is used often as a leukotriene blocker in child asthma?

A

Singulair

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19
Q

Why leukotriene blockers in children?

A

Ratio of leukotriene driven asthma is lower in children than it is in adults 1:3, 1:20

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20
Q

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumoniae

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21
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in children 6 months to 5 years old

A

Viral etiology

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22
Q

First line medication treatment for strep pneumoniae in children

A

Amoxicillin (consider Augmentin or 3rd generation cephalosporin if recent ABX treatment) if patient allergic to PCN’s may give macrolide or clindamycin

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23
Q

Best medication to treat croup

A

Single dose dexamethasone

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24
Q

Children diagnosed with sickle cell anemia are given what antibiotic as infection prophylaxis?

A

PCN

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25
In general, nodes larger than how many mm are considered worriesome?
10 mm
26
When after birth does physiologic hyperbilirubinemia usually present?
2-3 days after birth
27
When does pathologic hyperbilirubinemia present?
< 24 hours after birth
28
Three classic presenting symptoms of child with intussusception
1. Intermittent ABD pain 2. Crying with legs tucked toward chest 3. "Currant jelly" stools
29
Diagnostic tests to rule out intussusception
1. KUB 2. ABD ultrasound
30
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testicles
31
Retractile testes
Testicles move between scrotum and inguinal ring
32
By what age should the testicles be descended into the scrotum?
Age 6 months
33
At what age should a hydrocele be resolved in an infant?
By 12 months
34
1st line antibiotic for child UTI with no complications
Cephalosporins
35
BP screening starts at what age?
Age 3
36
Dyslipidemia risk assessment begins at what age?
Age 2, every other year until 10, then annually
37
At what age are lipid profiles drawn on patients with family history?
Age 10
38
Diagnostic test used to rule out dysplasia of hip
Ultrasound
39
Metatarsus adductus
Toes point inward, NP can try to straighten toes, may need ortho referral if unable
40
Nursemaid's elbow
Associated with "pulling" injury of the elbow
41
Legg-Calve Perthes disease
Avascular necrosis of the hip, children present with hip pain 2-3 weeks, limp, may have knee pain!
42
Trendelenburg's test
Positive in Legg-Calve Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral, patient stands on one leg with positive pelvic tilt
43
Diagnostic tests to rule out Legg-Calve Perthes
AP and frog legs radiograph
44
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis presentation
Limp, pain for several weeks to months, may have knee pain!
45
Diagnostic tests to rule out slipped capital femoral
AP and frog legs radiograph
46
Transient synovitis of hip
Most common cause of hip pain in children, benign, patients may limp, associated with recent viral infection
47
What diagnostic test is used to rule out transient synovitis of the hip
Ultrasound, evidence of small effusion
48
Measles (rubeola) rash
"Brick red" maculopapular rash, starts on face, spreads to trunk and extremities
49
Fifth Disease rash
Associated with "slapped cheek", "lacey" red rash, macular
50
Rubella (German) rash
Same as rubeola but with lymphadenopathy and macules on soft palate
51
Forchheimer spots
Macular spots on soft palate from Rubella disease (German measles)
52
Roseola rash
Begins few days after high fever, maculopapular rash but not on face
53
Scarlet fever rash
Secondary to strep infection, "sandpaper" rash
54
Virus that causes roseola
Human herpesvirus 6
55
Virus that causes herpangina
Coxsackie A
56
Virus that causes hand, foot, and mouth
Coxsackie A16
57
Hand, foot, and mouth is common in what season?
Spring and early summer
58
Rubeola is characterized by what?
Fever, rash, and the three C's. 1. Cough, 2. Coryza, 3. Conjunctivitis
59
Koplik spots
Associated with rubeola (measles).
60
Most common viral pathogens in AOM
RSV and flu
61
Most common bacterial pathogen in AOM
Strep pneumoniae
62
First line treatment for AOM
PCN's (amoxicillin)
63
High pitched cry in newborn may be indicative of what?
Neurological pathology
64
Positive Babinksi
Toes fan out, big toe dorsiflexes
65
Low set ears in infant
May indicate chromosomal defects or kidney pathology
66
Age universal hearing screening take place
1 month
67
Appropriate age to introduce solid foods and a cup, can roll back and forth
6 months
68
Age infant can bear weight on legs
9 months
69
Age when parachute reflex appears
6 months
70
When should disconjugate gaze become conjugate?
6 months
71
Testing for strabismus should occur by what age?
6 months
72
Age infant can begin to crawl and feed themselves with fingers, plays peek-a-boo
9 months
73
Age infant can say 2-4 words
12 months
74
Age stranger anxiety develops
9 months
75
Age toddler should be walking well
15 months
76
Most common pathogen that causes otitis externa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
77
Most appropriate antibiotic class for treating UTI in children
Cephalosporins
78
Allergic march
Precursors to childhood asthma such as food allergies, dermatitis, etc.
79
When should the palmar reflex disappear?
5-6 months
80
Bilirubin level in which phototherapy is initiated
> 15
81
Mensuration should begin no later than what age?
15
82
Salter-Harris fracture
Fractures that occur along the growth plate
83
Where are Salter-Harris fractures commonly seen?
In long bones
84
3 step approach to acne
1. Benzoyl peroxide, 2. Topical agents, 3. Oral agents
85
Turner's syndrome
Associated with webbed neck and infertility
86
Kawasaki disease
Associated with fever, peeling rash, strawberry tongue
87
Treatment of Kawasaki disase
High dose ASA and IV IgG, ASA treatment outweighs risk of Reye's syndrome
88
Moro reflex
Also known as startle reflex
89
When is moro reflex abnormal?
6 months or older, indicative or neuro pathology
90
Ankle wink reflex
Perianal muscle contraction from stroking of anal region
91
Fencing reflex aka tonic neck reflex
Looks like child is "fencing" turns head to one side with shoulder, arm, and leg going to same side
92
Indicative of lead toxicity
Greater than 5 mcg/dL
93
Lead level requiring chelation therapy
Greater than 45 mcg/dL
94
Most common cause of severe hyperbili in the newborn
Blood incompatibility with mother
95
Treatment of AOM in a child allergic to PCN
Cefdinir

FNP Review (18 decks)

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