Murmurs Flashcards

1
Q

Four systolic murmurs

A

Mitral Regurgitation, physiologic murmur, aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse

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2
Q

Two diastolic murmurs

A

Aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis

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3
Q

Second most common cause of aortic stenosis

A

Rheumatic fever

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4
Q

First common cause of aortic stenosis

A

Congenital defects

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5
Q

Aortic stenosis can cause which audible heart sound?

A

S4

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6
Q

Three classic symptoms of aortic stenosis

A

Angina, syncope, CHF (think initials ASC)

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7
Q

Two causative examples of aortic regurgitation

A

Rheumatic heart disease, syphilis

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8
Q

Two classic patient complaints aortic regurgitation

A

Palpitations and awareness of heartbeat

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9
Q

What happens to the PMI in aortic regurgitation?

A

It becomes displaced downward and to the left

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10
Q

What does an EKG show in aortic regurgitation?

A

LVH

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11
Q

Two associated findings/symptoms of mitral stenosis

A

Dyspnea and atrial fib

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12
Q

What system is greatly affected by mitral stenosis?

A

The pulmonary system, therefore patients experience many pulmonary issues and complaints.

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13
Q

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is caused by what valve malfunction?

A

Mitral stenosis

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14
Q

What heart sounds are heard during listening of mitral stenosis?

A

A very loud S1

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15
Q

A murmur that causes radiation to the axilla

A

Caused by mitral stenosis

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16
Q

Endocarditis is often a cause of what valve problem?

A

Mitral regurgitation

17
Q

Where is the PMI located in patients with mitral regurgitation?

A

Displaced laterally

18
Q

A holosystolic (pansystolic) murmur with high pitched blowing sound is often heard in what valve problem?

A

Mitral regurgitation

19
Q

Common EKG finding in mitral regurgitation

20
Q

A hallmark “click” is heard in what valve problem?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

21
Q

Grade murmur a thrill can be palpated

22
Q

Bell of stethoscope is best used to hear what heart sounds?

A

Low pitched sounds, S3, S4

23
Q

Diaphragm of stethoscope is best used to hear what sounds?

A

High pitched sounds, S1, S2

24
Q

Only murmurs that radiate

A

Are systolic

25
AV valves
Mitral and tricuspid
26
Semilunar valves
Aortic and pulmonic
27
S1
Associated with closure of AV valves
28
S2
Associated with closure of semilunar valves
29
S3
Associated with extra fluid and pregnancy
30
S4
Uncontrolled hypertension, LVH
31
Split S2
Only normal on during inspiration not both inspiration and expiration
32
When is mitral valve prolapse seen in children?
Diagnosis of Marfans
33
Normal ABI
< 0.9
34
Grade III/IV sound intensity
Medium