Murmurs Flashcards
Four systolic murmurs
Mitral Regurgitation, physiologic murmur, aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse
Two diastolic murmurs
Aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis
Second most common cause of aortic stenosis
Rheumatic fever
First common cause of aortic stenosis
Congenital defects
Aortic stenosis can cause which audible heart sound?
S4
Three classic symptoms of aortic stenosis
Angina, syncope, CHF (think initials ASC)
Two causative examples of aortic regurgitation
Rheumatic heart disease, syphilis
Two classic patient complaints aortic regurgitation
Palpitations and awareness of heartbeat
What happens to the PMI in aortic regurgitation?
It becomes displaced downward and to the left
What does an EKG show in aortic regurgitation?
LVH
Two associated findings/symptoms of mitral stenosis
Dyspnea and atrial fib
What system is greatly affected by mitral stenosis?
The pulmonary system, therefore patients experience many pulmonary issues and complaints.
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is caused by what valve malfunction?
Mitral stenosis
What heart sounds are heard during listening of mitral stenosis?
A very loud S1
A murmur that causes radiation to the axilla
Caused by mitral stenosis
Endocarditis is often a cause of what valve problem?
Mitral regurgitation
Where is the PMI located in patients with mitral regurgitation?
Displaced laterally
A holosystolic (pansystolic) murmur with high pitched blowing sound is often heard in what valve problem?
Mitral regurgitation
Common EKG finding in mitral regurgitation
A-fib
A hallmark “click” is heard in what valve problem?
Mitral valve prolapse
Grade murmur a thrill can be palpated
Grade 4
Bell of stethoscope is best used to hear what heart sounds?
Low pitched sounds, S3, S4
Diaphragm of stethoscope is best used to hear what sounds?
High pitched sounds, S1, S2
Only murmurs that radiate
Are systolic
AV valves
Mitral and tricuspid
Semilunar valves
Aortic and pulmonic
S1
Associated with closure of AV valves
S2
Associated with closure of semilunar valves
S3
Associated with extra fluid and pregnancy
S4
Uncontrolled hypertension, LVH
Split S2
Only normal on during inspiration not both inspiration and expiration
When is mitral valve prolapse seen in children?
Diagnosis of Marfans
Normal ABI
< 0.9
Grade III/IV sound intensity
Medium
