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FNP Review > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

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Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Cullen’s Sign

A

Bluish discoloration found near umbilicus/acute pancreatitis

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2
Q

Rosving’s Sign

A

Indicative of appendicitis, pain is referred to RLQ when LLQ is palpated.

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3
Q

Obturator Sign

A

Indicative of appendicitis, pain is experienced with flexion of the hip while patient is supine.

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4
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

A

Tumors that can cause increase in gastrin/if untreated may cause ulceration of stomach or duodenum.

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5
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

Indicative of gallbladder issue/firm and deep palpation of RUQ while patient is holding breath.

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6
Q

Iliopsoas Muscle Test

A

May be indicative of appendicitis. Is elicited when patient flex’s thigh at the hip.

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7
Q

Elevated alkaline phosphate may be a normal finding in what age group?

A

Children and adolescents due to skeletal growth.

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8
Q

First line treatment for mild to moderate C-Diff?

A

Vancomycin.

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9
Q

Normal range of liver mass

A

6-15 cm midclavicular line.

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10
Q

Wheat, barley, and rye should be avoided in patients with what disease?

A

Celiac.

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11
Q

Enterobiasis infection is another name for?

A

Pinworm infection.

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12
Q

Scotch tape test

A

Used to diagnose enterobiasis/pinworm infection.

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13
Q

What time of day is the scotch tape test best done?

A

In the morning.

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14
Q

Classic triad of Meniere’s disease

A

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

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15
Q

What A1C percentage range indicates pre-diabetes?

A

5.7-6.4%

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16
Q

Is regular insulin short, intermediate, or long acting?

A

Short acting

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17
Q

Is NPH insulin short, intermediate, or long acting?

A

Intermediate

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18
Q

What two electrolytes problems are seen in Addison’s disease?

A

Increased potassium and decreased sodium.

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19
Q

A craving of “salty foods” may be a symptom of what disease?

A

Addison’s disease.

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20
Q

The adrenal cortex is affected by what disease?

A

Addison’s disease.

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21
Q

Somogyi phenomenon

A

Nocturnal hypoglycemia caused by too much insulin or missing a snack in the evening.

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22
Q

“Rebound effect”

A

When the liver is stimulated to make glucose from nocturnal hypoglycemia, happens as a result of the somogyi phenomenon.

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23
Q

Myxedema

A

Refers to thickened skin changes seen in severe hypothyroidism.

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24
Q

Anti-thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies are confirmatory for what disease?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States, and is autoimmune.

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25
Q

Blue dot sign/torsion of testicular appendage

A

Tender nodule underneath skin of testicle, looks like a bluish mass. Most common cause of testicular pain in younger males.

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26
Q

Most common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis/inflammation of urethra

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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27
Q

Orchitis is caused by what viral infection?

A

Mumps

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28
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testicles

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29
Q

Balanitis

A

Yeast infection of the glans of the penis.

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30
Q

Sensitive test that measures and monitors kidney function and evaluates CKD

A

GFR

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31
Q

Kegel exercises should be done at what frequency to help stress incontinence?

A

10 exercises TID

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32
Q

What two antibiotics are best to treat non-gonococcal urethritis?

A

1 gram of azithromycin, or 100 mg doxycycline BID x 7 days.

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33
Q

In conductive hearing loss, which is greater? Bone conduction or air conduction?

A

Bone conduction.

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34
Q

What part of the eye is responsible for color vision?

A

Cones

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35
Q

What part of the eye is good for night vision and low light?

A

Rods

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36
Q

What is the most common pathogen in otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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37
Q

Pterygium

A

Triangular growth on sclera that extends onto the cornea.

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38
Q

Corneal arcus

A

White/grayish halo around cornea.

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39
Q

Pinguecula

A

Benign growth on conjunctiva/thick yellow.

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40
Q

Abnormal skin growth/cauliflower like in middle ear

A

Cholesteatoma

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41
Q

Test to diagnose glaucoma

A

Tonometry

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42
Q

Fordyce spots

A

Enlarged sebaceous glands on lips or genitalia.

43
Q

Torus palatinus

A

Bony growth on hard/soft palate.

44
Q

Fishtail uvula

A

Forked uvula

45
Q

Ishihara chart

A

Evaluates color blindness

46
Q

Sandpaper rash

A

Associated with scarlet fever

47
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Associated with scarlet fever/Kawasaki’s

48
Q

Fovea of the macula

A

Responsible for 20/20 vision

49
Q

First teeth to erupt

A

Incisors

50
Q

The posterior fontanelle should be closed by what age?

A

3 months

51
Q

What are the first permanent teeth that start to erupt?

A

The first molars

52
Q

At what age do the first permanent teeth erupt?

A

6 years

53
Q

Chvostek’s sign

A

Facial contraction when facial nerve is tapped briskly in front of the ear.

54
Q

What imbalance is Chvostek’s sign associated with?

A

Hypocalcemia

55
Q

Weber test

A

Detects unilateral hearing loss

56
Q

Arcus senilis is caused by what?

A

Lipid deposits around the edge of the cornea

57
Q

Is the effect on platelets from aspirin reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

58
Q

Gold standard to diagnose thalassemia

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

59
Q

Pernicious anemia is associated with what?

A

B12 deficiency, lack of intrinsic factor

60
Q

Kolionychia

A

“Spoon-shaped” nails, associated with iron deficiency anemia

61
Q

What is the normal size range of the spleen?

A

11-20 cm

62
Q

Alpha fetoprotein is produced mainly by what?

A

A growing fetal liver

63
Q

Lead poisoning can cause what kind of anemia?

A

Microcytic anemia

64
Q

Cancer of the plasma cells

A

Multiple myeloma

65
Q

What is another name for sentinel nodes?

A

Virchow’s nodes

66
Q

Where are sentinel/Virchow’s nodes located?

A

Supraclavicular area of chest, troublesome for cancer and other pathology.

67
Q

Alpha thalassemia is more common in what ethnicity?

A

Asians

68
Q

Beta thalassemia is more common in what ethnicity?

A

Mediterranean

69
Q

Malar rash is also known as what?

A

Butterfly rash

70
Q

What is the malar rash/butterfly rash associated with?

A

Lupus

71
Q

What is the best test for lupus?

A

ANA test

72
Q

At what age is it acceptable to begin whole milk?

A

At age 12 months or older

73
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

Gynecomastia, long limbs, lack of secondary sex characteristics, small testes. Caused by an extra X chromosome.

74
Q

Faun tail nevus is associated with what?

A

Spina bifida

75
Q

Folic acid is used to prevent?

A

Neural tube defects

76
Q

Markle test

A

Indicative of peritonitis associated with appendicitis, elicited when patient hops on one foot

77
Q

Internal tibial torsion

A

Inward twisting of tibia, benign finding in children, causes in-toeing

78
Q

Supernumerary nipples

A

Extra nipple/nipples

79
Q

Cheilosis

A

Inflammation of lip mucosa due to excessive moisture

80
Q

DPT and DT vaccines should not be given beyond what age?

A

Age 7

81
Q

What kind of anemia is anemia of chronic disease?

A

Normocytic, normochromic

82
Q

What kind of blood cells may be seen in thalassemia?

A

Nucleated RBC’s, “target” cells, variation in size and shape

83
Q

Polys and lymph counts that are close together

A

Think viral

84
Q

Polys and lymph counts that are far apart

A

Think bacterial

85
Q

How long after infection do monocytes show up?

A

> 24 hours

86
Q

Grey Turner’s sign

A

Associated with pancreatitis, bluish discoloration on flank

87
Q

Thayer Martin culture

A

Used to diagnose gonorrheal pharyngitis

88
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

Associated with destruction of spirochetes after antibiotic reaction, immune mediated reaction

89
Q

Most common cause of atypical pneumonia “walking pneumonia” milder than other forms of pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

90
Q

Diagnostic test to rule out diverticulitis

A

CT scan

91
Q

ALT/AST liver elevation think

A

Think liver injury, acute liver failure,

92
Q

ALP liver elevation think

A

Bone disease, liver diease

93
Q

First line medication treatment for pyelonephritis

A

Levaquin or cipro

94
Q

Amblyopia

A

Lazy eye

95
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness

96
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

97
Q

Blumberg sign

A

Rebound tenderness in appendicitis

98
Q

Trousseau’s sign

A

Associated with hypocalcemia, BP cuff is inflated and patient’s arm contracts with no control

99
Q

Most common leukemia in younger adults

A

AML

100
Q

Most common leukemia in older adults

A

CLL

101
Q

Most common leukemia in children

A

ALL

102
Q

Impacted stool and atrophic vaginitis can exacerbate what?

A

Urinary incontinence

103
Q

Patients with polycythemia vera that receive regular phlebotomies should avoid what supplementation?

A

Iron

FNP Review (18 decks)

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