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Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Defined by presence of testes/ovaries

A

Gonadal sex

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1
Q

Defined by sex chromosomes

A

Genetic sex

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2
Q

Defined by characteristics of internal genital tract and external genitalia

A

Phenotypic sex

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3
Q

Internal genital tract: males

A

Prostate, seminal vesicle, bas deferens, epididymis

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4
Q

Internal genital tract: females

A

FT, uterus, upper 1/3 vagina

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5
Q

External genitalia: males

A

Scrotum, penis

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6
Q

External genitalia: females

A

Clitoris, labia minora, majora & lower 2/3 vagina

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7
Q

Secreted by sertoli cells to cause atrophy of mullerian ducts

A

Antimullerian hormone

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8
Q

Secreted by leydig cells for growth of wolffian ducts

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

Which substance is suspected to initiate puberty?

A

Melatonin

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10
Q

What conditions may inhibit the onset of puberty?

A

Stress, Malnutrition

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11
Q

What is the first event in puberty?

A

Males: Testicular Enlargement
Females: Breast Enlargement

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12
Q

Which hormone causes adrenarche (pubic hair, axillary hair development) in females?

A

Adrenal androgens

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13
Q

For sperm production

A

Seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

For sperm maturation, motility

A

Epididymis

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15
Q

For sperm storage

A

Vas deferens

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16
Q

For sperm nutrition

A

Seminal vesicle

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17
Q

For semen alkalinity

A

Prostate gland

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18
Q

Supplies mucus

A

Urethral glands, Bulbourethral glands

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19
Q

Testes temperature

A

1-2 degree celsius cooler

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20
Q

Responsible for testes temperature

A

Countercurrent exchange testicular blood vessels

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21
Q

Duration of spermatogenesis

A

64 days

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22
Q

Sperm production per day

A

128 million

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23
Q

“Activation” of sperm in the female; Genital Tract for 4-6 hours

A

Capacitation

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24
Enzyme that convert androstenedione to testosterone
17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
25
Enzyme that convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
5alpha-reductase
26
5alpha-reductase inhibitor used for male pattern baldness and BPH
Finasteride
27
Cell which determines sex of the baby
Sperm cell
28
Part of the cell that contains hyaluronidase, proteolytic enzymes
Acrosome
29
Acrosome comes from which organelle
Golgi apparatus
30
Definition of low sperm count
<20 million sperm/ml
31
Sequelae of Cryptorchidism
Infertility, Testicular cancer
32
Loss of body hair, musculature, thick bones, decreased libido
Castration (after puberty)
33
Vestigial remnant of 3rd eye; secretes melatonin which is involve in reproduction and sex drive
Pineal gland
34
Ovum surrounded by single layer of granulosa cells
Primordial Follicle
35
Provides nourishment to ovum; Secretes inhibiting factor to keep ovum in Prophase
Granulosa Cells
36
Larger ovum, with more layers of granulosa cells; Develop the layer from ovarian interstitium
Primary Follicle
37
Secrete estrogen & progesterone
Theca interna
38
Becomes capsule of the follicle
Theca Externa
39
1-1.5cm in size
Mature follicle
40
Secreted by adrenal cortex and thecal cell
Estrone
41
Secreted by ovaries
Estradiol
42
Secreted by ovaries
Estriol
43
Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of Androstenodione to Esteone and Testosterone to Estradiol
Aromatase
44
Estrogen predominates
Follicular Phase
45
Progesterone predominates
Luteal Phase
46
Stromal and epithelial cells proliferate; thin, stringy, (+) ferning
Proliferative Phase
47
Increased tortuosity of glands and blood vessels; thick, non-elastic, (-) ferning
Secretory Phase
48
Due to cessation of Progesterone; (+) necrosis of endometrium, bleeding, desquamation
Menses
49
Produced by ovarian granulosa cell and inhibits FSH secretion from ant pituitary
Inhibin
50
Produced by ovarian granulosa cell and stimulates FSH secretion from ant pituitary
Activin
51
Average age menarche, menopause
13yo & 45yo
52
Number of lifetime mature follicles
400 follicles
53
Peak of sexual desire
Just before ovulation
54
Helps in fertility
Female orgasm
55
Fertilized ovum implanting on uterus
Blastocyst
56
Cells of the blastocyst that digests and liquefies the endometrium for invasion
Trophoblast
57
Produced by Syncitiotrophoblast
Beta-HCG
58
Produced by Fetal Adrenal Gland
Estrogen
59
Promote growth of fetus; Growth hormone of pregnancy
Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS) aka Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)

Physiology (12 decks)

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