Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSIO 202 > Reproductive Lab > Flashcards

Reproductive Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the female reproductive system

A

Maturation/transportation of oocyte
Site of fertilization and development of embryo/fetus
Milk production
Production of various hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes (fallopian tubes), uterus, vagina, external genitalia, mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the endocrine product of the female reproductive system?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the exocrine product of the female reproductive system?

A

Ova (egg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the internal genitalia anatomy?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes (fallopian tubes or oviduct), uterus, vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of ovaries

A

produce oocyte and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of uterine tubes

A

Canal leading from each ovary to the uterus
Fallopian tubes or oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of uterus

A

Harbor/nourish a developing fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of vagina

A

Discharge menstrual fluid, receive penis/semen during intercourse, and birthing canal for delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 regions of the uterine tube?

A

Isthmus, Ampulla, Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Isthmus?

A

Narrow portion of uterine tubes that open into uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Ampulla?

A

Middle region of tube where egg is fertilized by sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

Distal, funnel shaped portion of the uterine tubes that receives egg from ovary
Has fimbriae to help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

Finger-like projections at the distal end of the uterine tubes (not a region, on infundibulum)
Movement helps sweep ovulated oocyte into uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 regions of the uterus?

A

Fundus, body, cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Region of uterus
Round/dome shaped top of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the body of the uterus?

A

Begins below the uterine tubes, narrows as you move inferiorly (roughly middle third)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the uterine cavity?

A

Space within the uterus (place that houses the fetus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Narrowed region between the uterus and vagina
Has external and internal os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the cervical canal?

A

Canal in the cervix found between the internal and external os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus wall?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Vascular, glandular layer where embryo gets implanted
Superficial to lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

Thickest layer of uterus, 3 smooth muscle sublayers (oblique, circular, longitudinal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the perimetrium?

A

Thin, part of visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What 2 sublayers make up the endometrium?
Stratum functionalis and Stratum basalis
26
What is the function of the Stratum functionalis?
Shed during menstruation, where oocyte implants once fertilized
27
What is the function of the Stratum basalis?
Form new functionalis layer during cycle
28
What epithelium is in the vagina?
Simple squamous epithelium
29
What are the 6 ligaments in the female reproductive system?
Broad ligament Ovarian ligaments Suspensory ligaments Round ligaments Cardinal ligaments Uterosacral ligaments
30
What is the broad ligament?
Sheet-like peritoneum that holds ovaries and uterine tubes in place
31
What does the ovarian ligaments do?
Holds ovaries to uterus
32
What do the suspensory ligaments do?
Hold ovaries to pelvic wall
33
What do the round ligaments do?
Hold uterus to labia majora
34
What do the cardinal ligaments do?
Hold cervix to pelvic wall
35
What do the uterosacral ligaments do?
Hold uterus to sacrum
36
What are the external genitalia of the female reproductive system?
Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vaginal orifice Accessory glands
37
What is the name for all the external genitalia?
Vulva (or pudendum)
38
What is the mons pubis?
Adipose tissue covering pubic symphysis
39
What is the labia majora?
Thick folds of skin and adipose tissue Lateral
40
What is the labia minora?
Thin folds medial to labia majora Form prepuce
41
What is the prepuce?
fold/hood over the clitoris
42
What is the clitoris?
Primary center of sexual stimulation
43
What is the vaginal orifice?
Opening to vagina
44
What are the female accessory glands?
Greater vestibular glands and paraurethral glands
45
What makes up the vestibule (female)?
External urethral orifice and vaginal orifice
46
What are the greater vestibular glands?
Accessory glands of the female reproductive system Secrete fluid into lower vagina (especially for lubrication during intercourse) Located on each side of the vagina
47
What are the paraurethral glands?
Accessory glands of the female reproductive system Secrete fluid into vestibule (more outer lubrication) Located near external urethral orifice
48
What are the 5 external structures of the breast & mammary glands?
Areola Nipple Lobules Acini Lobe
49
What is the areola?
Darkened area surrounding nipple Breast
50
What is the nipple?
Raised structure at apex of breast
51
What is a lobule in mammary gland?
Clusters of milk producing glands
52
What is the acini in mammary glands?
Milk producing glands (many in each lobule)
53
What is the lobe in mammary glands?
Group of several lobules, each one drained by a mammary duct
54
What is the flow of milk?
Alveoli --> Mammary Duct --> Lactiferous Sinus --> Lactiferous Duct --> Nipple
55
What are the ovaries?
Oocyte producer/storer Releases oocytes once a month during ovulation during reproductive years
56
What is a primordial follicle?
Ova follicles at birth Oocyte at beginning of oogenesis Very small Congregated close to surface of ovary Smaller circle inside is nucleus, larger circle is whole follicle
57
What is a primary follicle?
2nd stage of oogenesis Follicles become slightly larger Surrounded by 1 layer of cuboidal cells
58
What is a secondary follicle?
3rd step of oogenesis Surrounded by 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells
59
What is a tertiary follicle?
4th step of oogenesis Surrounded by multiple layers of cuboidal cells Has small antrum (fluid filled area in cell)
60
What is a mature/graafian follicle?
5th step of oogenesis Surrounded by multiple layers of cuboidal cells Has large antrum that takes up >50% of follicle Follicle ready to be released
61
What are the functions of the male reproductive system?
Produce/store/transport sperm Produce androgens Production of testosterone
62
What are the components of the male reproductive system?
Penis, testes, accessory glands, ducts
63
What is the endocrine product of the male reproductive system?
Testosterone
64
What is the exocrine product of the male reproductive sysyem?
Seminal fluid (Semen)
65
What are the internal genitalia of the male reproductive system?
Testes, ducts, accessory glands
66
What do the testes do?
Sperm production at 35C
67
What are the ducts of the male reproductive system?
Channels for sperm flow
68
What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands
69
What are the external genitalia of the male reproductive system?
Scrotum Penis
70
What is the scrotum?
Sac of loose skin, muscle, fibrous connective tissues containing the testes
71
What is the penis?
Copulatory organ used to deposit semen in vagina
72
What are the 7 layers of the testes from superficial to deep?
1. Scrotum 2. Dartos muscle 3. External spermatic fascia 4. Cremaster muscle 5. Internal spermatic fascia 6. Tunica vaginalis 7. Tunica albuginea
73
What 6 parts make up the spermatic cord?
Cremaster muscle Nerves Testicular artery Pampiniform plexus Lymphatic vessels Ductus deferens
74
What are the 3 mechanisms for thermoregulation of the testes?
1. Contraction/relaxation of cremaster muscle 2. Contraction/relaxation of dartos muscle 3. Pampiniform pelxus
75
How does contraction/relaxation of the cremaster thermoregulate the testes?
Cremaster muscle moves testes closer to body to warm them Cremaster muscles moves testes further from body to cool them
76
How does contraction/relaxation of the dartos muscle thermoregulate the testes?
Dartos muscle wrinkles scrotum to decrease surface area, decreasing heat loss and keep testes warm Dartos muscle smooths the scrotum to increase surface area, increasing heat loss and cool testes off
77
How does the pampiniform plexus thermoregulate the testes?
A network of veins carrying blood from the testes Absorbs heat from testicular artery before blood reaches the testes
78
What are the 10 steps of sperm flow?
1. Seminiferous tubule 2. Rete testis 3. Efferent ductules 4. (Duct of the) epididymis 5. Ductus deferens 6. Ampulla of the ductus deferens 7. Ejaculatory duct 8. Prostatic urethra 9. Membranous urethra 10. Spongy urethra
79
What is the seminiferous tubule?
Where sperm production occurs Spermatogenesis
80
What is the duct of the epididymis?
Where sperm are stored and mature
81
What are the seminal vesicles?
Make 65% of sperm Contain fructose (energy for sperm) Have prostaglandins which aid in sperm transport
82
What is the prostate gland?
Makes 25% of semen Has proteolytic fluid that activates sperm
83
What is the bulbourethreal (cowper's) glands?
Makes 10% semen Makes mucus to lubricate urethra and glans penis
84
What is semen?
Fluid from the accessory glands (usually containing sperm) Slightly alkaline to neutralize acidity in urethra and vagina
85
What are the 3 parts of the penis?
Prepuce (foreskin) Shaft Glans
86
What is the shaft of the penis?
Elongated externally visible portion
87
What is the glans of the penis?
Expanded head at distal end of penis
88
What are the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis?
2 corpora cavernosa (dorsal) 1 corpus spongiosum (ventral, houses spongy urethra) Vasodilation causes enlargement and erection
89
What is meiosis?
Production of gametes (Sex cells) Consists of 2 cell divisions (meiosis 1 and 2) Reduces chromosome number by half (daughter cells are haploid)
90
What are spermatogonia/oogonia?
cells with 46 chromosomes, before meiosis
91
What is a spermatozoa
Sperm cell
92
What is ovulation?
When an oocyte is released from an ovary and ready for fertilization
93
What is a zygote?
A single diploid cell (46 chromosomes) produced after the combination of an oocyte and spermatozoa
94
Does oogenesis prioritize quality or quantity?
Quality
95
Does spermatogenesis prioritize quality or quantity?
quantity
96
What are homologous structures?
Structures the develop differently in males and females but originate from the same embryonic tissue
97
What is the homologous structure for ovaries?
testes
98
What is the homologous structure for testes?
Ovaries
99
What is the homologous structure for the clitoris?
Glans penis
100
What is the homologous structure for the glans penis?
Clitoris
101
What is the homologous structure for the greater vestibular glands?
bulbourethral glands
102
What is the homologous structure for bulbourethral glands?
Greater vestibular glands
103
What is the homologous structure for paraurethral galnds?
Prostate gland
104
What is the homologous structure for the prostate gland?
Paraurethral glands
105
What are the steps of oogenesis?
Primary oocyte completes meiosis Ovulation creates Secondary oocyte and 1st polar body at metaphase 2 Secondary oocyte and spermatazoa combine for fertilization Creates zygote and second polar body
106
What are the steps of spermatogenesis?
Spermatagonium becomes Primary spermatocyte and splits into 2 secondary spermatocytes Those split into 2 spermatids (4 total) When then become spermatozoa

PSIO 202 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions