Repro II: Female anatomy & physiology

Question 1

When do germ cells become oogonia and undergo mitosis to become primary oocytes?

Answer 1

before birth

Question 2

What is an ovary composed of?

Answer 2

ovarian follicles

Question 3

What two components are in an ovarian follicle?

Answer 3

oocyte and follicular cells

Question 4

When does a woman’s ability to release eggs begin and end?

Answer 4

begins at puberty, ends at menopause

Question 5

What is the order for developing oocytes?

Answer 5

1. primordial
2. primary
3. secondary
4. tertiary
5. graafian

Question 6

What is the basic structural unit in the ovary?

Answer 6

follicle

Question 7

What is the primary endocrine tissue in the ovary and what does it do?

Answer 7

follicle; synthesize and secrete estradiol

Question 8

What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 8

1. follicular phase
2. ovulation
3. luteal phase

Question 9

What happens during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 9

primary oocytes undergo meiosis to become mature follicles
proliferation of granulosa cells
estradiol production

Question 10

What two types of cells are necessary for estradiol synthesis by mature ovarian follicles?

Answer 10

theca and granulosa cells

Question 11

How do theca cells contribute to estradiol production?

Answer 11

Theca cell combines cholesterol and LH to make progesterone, which is then turned into androstenedione (which then goes to granulosa cell)

Question 12

How do granulosa cells contribute to estradiol production?

Answer 12

converts androstenedione into testosterone
testosterone plus FSH and aromatase becomes estradiol

Question 13

What hormone do theca cells need for estradiol production?

Answer 13

LH

Question 14

What hormone do granulosa cells require for estradiol synthesis?

Answer 14

FSH

Question 15

What happens during the ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 15

follicle ruptures and ovum is released into abdominal cavity to be picked up by fimbriae

Question 16

How is the follicular wall broken down during ovulation?

Answer 16

by proteases, collagenases, and prostaglandins

Question 17

What happens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 17

follicular wall will turn into corpus luteum

Question 18

What hormone influences the transformation of the follicular wall into the corpus luteum?

Answer 18

LH

Question 19

What hormones does the corpus luteum produce?

Answer 19

progesterone and estrogen
2 weeks with no fertilization: relaxin and inhibin

Question 20

What is shed during menstruation?

Answer 20

stratum functionalis

Question 21

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?

Answer 21

menses, proliferative phase, secretory phase

Question 22

What occurs during the menses phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 22

degeneration and sloughing off of stratum functionalis

Question 23

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 23

growth of endomentrium

Question 24

What occurs during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 24

endometrial glands secrete mucous to prepare for implantation of fertilized ovum

Question 25

How long does the uterine cycle last and how long does each phase last?

Answer 25

28 days
menses: 5-7 days (days 1-5)
proliferative: 8-10 days )days 6-14)
secretory: after ovulation through day 28 (days 15-28)

Question 26

How is the uterine cycle regulated by hormone release?

Answer 26

absence of fertilization: corpus luteum degrades and stratum functionalis lost with menses
growing embryo releases hCG stopping the corpus luteum from degrading

Question 27

At what time does the placenta take over hormone production?

Answer 27

after 3-4 months