Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSIO 202 > Renal II: Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Renal II: Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

filtration

A

blood plasma filtered into capsular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reabsorption

A

water and useful substances are reabsorbed into blood from tubular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

secretion

A

certain wastes are removed from blood by secretion into tubular fluid (soon to be urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

excretion

A

the process of eliminating waste products from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rate of excretion

A

rate of glomerular filtration + rate of secretion - rate of reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the three layers of the filtration barrier of glomerular filtration?

A

fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capsule filter and allow to pass through?

A

filters blood cells, allows components of blood plasma to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the basement membrane of the glomerular capsule filter?

A

large proteins, negatively charged substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the podocytes of the glomerular capsule filter?

A

medium sized proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

NFP =

A

GBHP - CHP - BCOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does GBHP do

A

forces blood into glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is GFR?

A

glomerular filtration rate
Amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles of both kidneys per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens if GFR is too high?

A

Useful substances are lot due to the blood passing through too quickly
(everything goes through)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens if GFR is too low?

A

Sufficient waste products may not be removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is a constant GFR required to maintain homeostasis?

A

to ensure everything that needs reabsorbed gets reabsorbed (maintain homeostasis of blood, BP, blood volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does NFP depend most heavily on?

A

GBHP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At what level does GBHP stop filtration?

A

less than 45 mmHg
(MAP 80-100 mmHg does NOT stop filtration)

18
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms for GFR regulation?

A

auto
neural
hormonal

19
Q

What cells are at the top of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Macula densa cells

20
Q

What cells line the afferent arteriole?

A

juxtaglomerular cells

21
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

contractile cells associated with the capillaries

22
Q

What two mechanisms play a role in autoregulation of GFR?

A

myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback

23
Q

Which mechanism of autoregulation of GFR is faster?

A

myogenic mechanism

24
Q

What causes the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation of GFR?

A

systemic increases in blood pressure stretching the afferent arteriole

25
Q

What is the effect of the myogenic autoregulation of GFR?

A

smooth muscle contraction reduces the diameter of the afferent arteriole which returns the GFR to its previous levels in seconds

26
Q

What causes the tubuloglomerular feedback of autoregulation of GFR?

A

elevated systemic BP raises the GFR so that fluid flows too rapidly through renal tubule
Na+, Cl-, and water are not reabsorbed so there is an increase in them

27
Q

What cells detect the increased levels of Na+ and Cl- causing the tubuloglomerular feedback of autoregulation of GFR?

A

macula densa cells in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

28
Q

What are the effects of tubuloglomerular feedback of autoregulation of GFR?

A

inhibits release of NO (a vasodilator) from juxtaglomerular apparatus
afferent arterioles constrict, reducing GFR

29
Q

Does neural regulation lower or raise GFR?

A

lower

30
Q

What happens during neural regulation of GFR?

A

Blood vessels of the kidney have sympathetic fibers that cause vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles caused by norepinephrine release

31
Q

What neurotransmitter is used for vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles in neural regulation of GFR?

A

norepinephrine

32
Q

Does autoregulation or neural regulation of GFR take precedent?

A

neural regulation overrides renal autoregulation

33
Q

What arterioles undergo vasoconstriction with moderate sympathetic stimulation during neural regulation of GFR?

A

both afferent and efferent arterioles

34
Q

When does extreme sympathetic stimulation occur?

A

During exercise or hemorrhage

35
Q

What occurs when extreme sympathetic stimulation for neural regulation of GFR happens?

A

vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
GFR decreases substantially
lowers urine output to maintain blood volume
permits greater blood flow to other tissues (muscle)

36
Q

What two hormones contribute to the regulation of GFR?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Angiotensin II

37
Q

What effect does atrial natriuretic peptide have on GFR?

A

ANP increases GFR

38
Q

What triggers the hormonal regulation release of atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

High blood volume causes atrial stretching releasing ANP from the heart

39
Q

How does atrial natriuretic peptide increase GFR?

A

ANP relaxes glomerular mesangial cells, increasing glomerular capillary surface area and increasing GFR

40
Q

Does angiotensin II increase or reduce GFR?

A

reduce GFR

PSIO 202 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions