Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Reproductive endocrinology in dog and cat > Flashcards

Reproductive endocrinology in dog and cat Flashcards

1
Q

follicular phase

A

oestrogen dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

luteal phase

A

progesterone dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pro-oestrus

A

oestrogen dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oestrus

A

oestrogen dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

metoestrus

A

transitional period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dioestrus

A

progesterone dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bitch

A

mono-oesturs
non-seasonal
polytocous
spontaneous ovulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Queen

A

seaonally polyoestrous
polytocous
induced ovulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bitch - endocrine events

A

ovulates spontaneously at end of variable follicular phase (4-28 days)
follicular development regulated by FSH + LH which induce synthesis of oestradiol
LH + FSH secretion regulated by gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus + steroids from ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

follicular phase - LH

A

mid/late anestrus - low levels, <1/ng/ml, occasional pulses 4-24h apart
1 week before proestrus - freq increases, pulses every 60-90 mins, 3ng/ml
proestrus - lower levels
late proestrus - peak levels, 8-15ng/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

follicular phase - FSH

A

mid/late anestrus - levels are high, increase throughout anestrus
1 week before proestrus - modest increases
proestrus - low levels
late proestrus - occurs about 1 day after LH surge, modest increase in mean level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

follicular phase - oestradiol

A

mid/late anestrus - levels remain low
1 week before proestrus - levels remain low
proestrus - increase throughout from 10pg/ml to 120pg/ml
late proestrus - peak levels 1-3 days before LH surge
diestrus - some secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

follicular phase - progesterone

A

mid/late anestrus - levels low
1 week before proestrus - levels low
proestrus - slow increase, 0.2-0.8ng/ml
late proestrus - 2.4ng/ml at LH surge, 4-10ng/ml at ovulation
diestrus - peak levels 15-90ng/ml post ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LH surge - timing

A

immediately after peak oestradiol level

initiated by decrease in E:P ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

estrus sex behaviour - timing

A

immediately after peak oestradiol level

initiated by decrease in E:P ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ovulation

A

2 days after LH surge

oocytes ovulated are immature

17
Q

luteal phase

A

progesterone increase + plateus in diestrus + declines rapidly at luteolysis
this profile occurs in non/pregnant animals
progesterone can’t be used to test for pregnancy
corpora lutea are only source of progesterone during pregnancy

18
Q

luteal phase - LH

A

regulates progesterone secretion
GnRH agonist leads to luteolysis
GnRH antagonist leads to premature luteolysis

19
Q

luteal phase - progesterone

A

regulates CL’s ability to secrete progesterone
PR antagonist causes luteolysis
inhibit luteal PGF2a secretion
inhibit PGF-R

20
Q

luteal phase - PRL

A

regulates progesterone secretion from day 25
becomes essential luteotrophin from day 25 when it starts to increase
levels increase in non + pregnant animals

21
Q

luteal phase - endocrine events

A 
premature luteolysis = early abortion
no known luteolysin
FP receptor present + active
PRL/LH receptor expressed
in pregnant bitches, rapid pre-partum lueolysis due to feto-placental PGF release - essential for onset of parturition
22
Q

luteolysis induction

A 
PGF2a at high doses
progesterone receptor antagonist
GnRH antagonist
GnRH agonist (continuously)
PRL lowering doses of dopamine agonist
23
Q

prolactin - bitch

A

levels of PRL are 4x more than non-pregnant
if PRL release blocked causes funtional demise of CL + abortion
clinical signs of pseudopregnancy seem to be associated with high PRL levels

24
Q

relaxin

A

increased levels 21-24 days after LH surge
non-detectable in non pregnant animal
sole source is placenta, reaches 5ng/ml in late pregnancy
only specific pregnancy protein in dogs
can be used for pregnancy diagnosis
levels fall after birth but can be detected up to 30 days during lactation
increases with PRL

25
Q

control of oestrus - bitch

A

ovariohysterectomy
hormonal control:
progesterone - cant use natural as it’s not orally active + short period of action
synthetic progestagens - effective, potential to induce GH secretion. proligestone (PRG) is effective. testosterone

26
Q

proligestone (PRG) properties

A

strongly anti-gonadotrophic
weakly progestagenic
antioestrogenic - controls vulval swelling + bleeding

27
Q

pseudopregnancy - bitch

A

behavioural and clinical signs of pregnancy can be seen
clinical signs associated with rise in PRL levels + are seen 6 weeks after end of oestrus
any event causing fall in progesterone
most cases spontaneously remiss

28
Q

pseudopregnancy - bitch - treatment

A

synthetic progestagens - suppress PRL release
oestrogens + androgens together (suppress PRL)
dopamine agonists - inhibit PRL release

29
Q

endocrine events - queen - estradiol

A

during follicular phase, conc’s are relatively high but variable

30
Q

endocrine events - queen - LH

A

copulation causes rapid release of LH from pituitary - usally multiple copulations needed to make sufficient LH for ovulation

31
Q

endocrine events - queen - progesterone

A

levels stay at base level until after mating induced LH surge
levels increase with ovulation + peak after 30 days
non-pregnant animal, levels decrease from here pregnant animal, levels maintained at elevated levels for 25-28 days
if ovulation occurs but no pregnancy, don’t return to oestrus until after levels of progesterone have fallen to baseline

32
Q

endocrine events - queen - PRL

A

elevated for last 20 days of pregnancy + throughout pregnancy
no changes in PRL levels during pseudopregnancy

33
Q

endocrine events - queen - interoestrus interval

A

interoestrus interval of the queen may be useful guide to whether ovulation or conception has failed to occur
unmated queensn or queens that fail to ovulate have interval of approx 21 days
mated queens that ovulate but don’t conceive have interoestrus interval of approx 50 days
pregnant queens has interval of 65 days (gestation length)
some unmated queens can have 50 day intervals due to spontaneous ovulation

34
Q

pseudopregnancy - queen

A

could occur after mating or spontaneous ovulation
clinical signs are absence of oestrus
NO mammary gland develeopment, lactation, or behavioural changes seen

35
Q

control of oestrus - queen

A

ovariohysterectomy
hormonal control:
hCG - induces ovulation + delay subsequent as causes pseudopregnancy
androgens - androgenic anabolic steroids can be used daily to postpone calling 30 days before anticipated oestrus - causes masculinisation

36
Q

control of oestrus - queen - progesterone

A

prevention - given at first sign of calling, suppress call + prevents conception
temporary postponement - given in anestrus will postpone following natural stages
permanent postponement - repeat doses in anestrus
only orally administered

37
Q

hormonal control in dog + tom

A

regulation of testosterone production is the same as other mammals - LH stimulates leydig cells to release testosterone
LH regulated +vely by hypothalamic GnRH + -vely by testosterone

Reproduction (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions