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Reproduction > Applied reproductive Endocrinology in Large Animals > Flashcards

Applied reproductive Endocrinology in Large Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Reinstating reproductive activity in normal healthy animals

A

induce ovulation/oestrus in anovulatory post-partum cow
induce ovulation/oestrus in seasonally anoestrus ewe
induce puberty in pre-pubertal gilts
SUSTAINED INC IN LH PULSE FREQUENCY

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2
Q

sustained increase in LH pulse frequency - physiological

A

seasonal
lactational
postpartum or pre-pubertal anoestrus

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3
Q

sustained increase in LH pulse frequency - pathological

A

uterine disease/endotoxins

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4
Q

sustained increase in LH pulse frequency

A

increase in E2 negative feedback effect on pulsatile LH

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5
Q

treatment of anovulatory anoestrus/acylicity in the cow

A

make sure that its true anoestrus + not poor detection
correct the underlying factors 1st
PRID or CIDR for 12 days
PRID or CIDR for 12 days + 500 iu eCG on day of removal

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6
Q

PRID

A

progesterone releasing intravaginal device

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7
Q

CIDR

A

controlled internal drug release

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8
Q

ram/boar effect

A

pre-conditions:sound, sight, smells, visual/physical contact

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9
Q

GnRh treated ewe luteal function with P4 priming

A

priming with single P4 injection greatly increases luteal function

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10
Q

induction of puberty in gilts

A

treat gilts with PG600 (PMSG [same os PCG] + hCG)

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11
Q

increasing number of gametes

A

increase in follicular development

decrease in atresia of follicles

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12
Q

superovulation of donor

A 
recombinant FSH
pFSH
oFSH
eCG (PMSG)
porcine pituitary extract
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13
Q

variability in superovulatory response

A

response is very variable even within same breed and management techniques

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14
Q

manipulation of nutrition

A

increases follicular recruitment
flushing - rising plane of nutrition before mating
mechanism - high energy intake lowers oestradiol conc + promotes FSH release

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15
Q

synchronisation of oestrus

A

controlled breeding without oestrus detection - fixed time AI, high pregnancy rates
control of luteal phase and/or follicular growth

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16
Q

luteolysis in the cow

A 
prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) controls
prostaglandin synthesis by uterine endometrium released into uterine vein
progesterone from CL stimulates production of uterine PGF2a after day 15 in cow
PGF2a picked up by ovarian artery + taken back to ovary where it causes CL lysis
17
Q

synchronisation of oestrus/ovulation

A

PGF2a - control luteal phase
ovsynch - follicle wave scnchrony + PGF2a
exogenous progesterone with PGF2a, follicle wave synchrony with P4 + control luteal phase

18
Q

PGF2a - shortened luteal phase

A

rapid decline of progesterone + oestrus 3-5 days later
synchrony not sufficient to avoid heat detection following single injection
pregnancy rates acceptable

19
Q

PGF2a - possble reasons for poor synchrony

A

failure of luteolysis - non-responsive CL, incorrect injection technique
timing dependant on follicular wave stage

20
Q

PGF2a - methods to overcome problems

A

diagnose Cl, inject + observe

or 2 doses, 11 days apart to ensure responsive CL presence + fixed time AI

21
Q

ovsynch - follicle wave synchrony with GnRH + PGF2a

A

GnRH day 0 - synchronise new wave start
PGF2a day 7 - cause luteolysis
GnRH day 9 - control time of ovulation

22
Q

ovsynch - follicle wave synchrony with P4 + PGF2a

A

PRID used for 8 days
PGF2a given on day of removal of PRID
drop in P4 causes synch in ovulation

23
Q

maternal recognition of Pregnancy

A

establish pregnancy - communication between mother + embryo, controlled by P4, compromised by insufficient post-ovulatory rise in P4
ruminants - interferon tau
pigs - oestrogens

24
Q

luteal deficiency/poor maternal recognition of pregnancy

A

progesterone supplementation
GnRH day 11 (cow), day 9 (ewe)
works best in herd with low pregnancy rates

25
Q

onset of parturition - cow, goat, sow

A

foetus initiates
foetus must stop progesterone
foetal pituitary-adrenal axis determines timing of onset of parturition
as foetus grows in small space - stress
stress causes rise in foetal ACTH which causes increase in cortisol
rise in cortisol causes increased oestrogen:progesterone ratio

26
Q

immunisation against androstenedione

A

remove -ve feedback on hypothalamus + pituitary
commercial product uses a dextran adjuvant + increases ovulation rate in ewe
androvax plus
ovastim

27
Q

immunisation against GnRH

A

inhibits production of gonadotrophins + gonadal steroids
reduces testicular size + function
practised to control agression

28
Q

cystic ovarian disease (COD)

A

occurs as result of defect in ovulatory mechanism due to failure of pre-ovulatory LH surge
causes - stress, low oestradiol conc, low hypothalamic sensitivity to oestradiol, uterine infection + -ve energy balance

Reproduction (25 decks)

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