Disease of reproductive tract in the cat and dog - female Flashcards

1
Q

Common problems

A
neutering
stopping season
suspected pregnancy
misalliance (unwanted pregnancy)
calling
false pregnancy
lactation
dystocia
mating time
fertility problems
vulval discharge
vulval mass
vulval abnormalities
abdominal distension
systemic illness
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2
Q

vulval discharge

A

age, neutered status important
stage of repro cycle - meteoestrus, prenant
colour of discharge

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3
Q

white vaginal discharge

A

vaginitis
early metoestrus
open pyometra
cystitis

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4
Q

red vagina discharge

A
pro/oestrus
persistent ovarian follicle
ovarian tumor
trauma
cystitis
neoplasia
coagulopathy
placental seperation
vascular malformation
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5
Q

clear vaginal discharge

A

normal

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6
Q

clear watery vaginal discharge

A

amniotic/allantoic fluid

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7
Q

greeny black vaginal discharge

A

normal parturition

dystocia

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8
Q

brown/red-black vaginal discharge

A

metritis

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9
Q

yellow vaginal discharge

A

incontinence

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10
Q

vaginitis

A

usually purulent discharge
may cause irritation
juvenile - 2ndary to bacterial contamination + excess vaginal secretion. usually resolves spontaneously
adult - less common, aim to find cause, may respond to exogenous oestrogens

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11
Q

pyometra

A

v.important in small animal practice
dogs + cats
uterus fills with pus, can cause life threatening illness
usually presents within 8 weeks of last oestrus
can be open or closed (cervix) - closed worse

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12
Q

pyometra - causes

A

cystic endometrial hyperplasia
bacterial infection
progesterone
open/closed cervix

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13
Q

pyometra - clinical signs

A
depression
lethargy
mucopurulent vaginal discharge
pyrexia
PU/PD
vomiting
collapse
shock
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14
Q

pyometra - haematology

A
neutrophilia with L shift
possible azotaemia
acidosis
endotoxaemia
hypoglycaemia
anaemia
coagulation abnormalities
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15
Q

pyometra - diagnosis

A

radiography

ultrasound

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16
Q

pyometra - treatment

A

medical

surgical (more common)

17
Q

vaginal trauma

A

uncommon
may bleed severely
investigate and treat

18
Q

vaginal mass

A

age, entire?
stage of repro cycle
size, shape, consistency of mass

19
Q

vaginal/vestibulo neoplasia

A

smooth muscle tumors of vaginal/vestibule = commonest tumor in bitch
typically slow growing (leiomyoma)
65% of bitches entire
mass may be visible

20
Q

vaginal/vestibulo neoplasia - diagnosis + treatment

A

Hx, PE
Radiography, endoscopy, biopsy
surgical with OVH

21
Q

vaginal hyperplasia + prolapse

A

excessive response of vaginal mucosa to oestrogens in follicular phase - vaginal oedema/ prolapse
exposed tissue can be damaged

22
Q

vaginal oedema/hyperplasia - diagnosis + treatment

A

diagnosis - Hx, PE
treat with vulvar sutures or surgical excision
tendency to recur

23
Q

ambiguous genitalia

A

indication of presence of androgens therefore testicular material +/- ovarian tissue
enlarged clitoris/underdeveloped penis
evaluate pelvic anatomy
genotype?

24
Q

ambiguous genitalia - treatment

A

remove gonads
partial/full penile amputation
treat other abnormalities associated with clinical signs

25
dystocia
``` problems during birth common in dog + cat fetal fluids pass but no birth in 2-3h straining for 20-30 mins with no births greenish (bitch)/reddish brown (queen) vulval dicharge but no birth 2-4h weak/irregular straining 2-4h since last birth second stage labour > 12h ```
26
dystocia - maternal causes
``` narrow birth canal disturbed labour - uterine inertia (most common cause) or spasm uterine abnormalities prolonged pregnancy psychogenic status extra uterine problems premature birth ```
27
dystocia - foetal causes
increased foetal size - litter size, gestation length, breeds foetal malpresentation - most common abnormal foetal development
28
primary uterine inertia
most common uterus fails to respond to foetal signals many causes (litter sizes, nutrition, age) can be complete (uterus doesn't contract) or partial
29
secondary uterine inertia
due to exhaustion of myometrium | secondary to obstruction of birth canal
30
medical management of dystocia
only when there's NO evidence of obstruction exercise the dam feather roof of vaginal floor (fergasons reflex) give oxytocin caesarean if not possible
31
oxytocin
repeat small doses | can cause stillbirths
32
vulval vaginal abnormalities
can be congenital or acquired
33
congenital abnormalities
veulval stenosis anovulvar cleft rectovaginal fistula vestibulovaginal stricture
34
acquired abnormalities
vulval hypertrophy recessed vulva trauma neoplasia
35
abdominal mass/distention - causes
pyometra retained foetus ovarian/uterine neoplasia segmental aplasia + mucometra
36
ovarian neoplasia
relatively uncommon often present with large mass +/- ascites may be endocrinology active surgical excision
37
hydrometra/mucometra
sterile accumulations of fluid in uterus rare often present with large fluid filled viscus in abdomen