Disease of reproductive tract in the cat and dog - female Flashcards
Common problems
neutering stopping season suspected pregnancy misalliance (unwanted pregnancy) calling false pregnancy lactation dystocia mating time fertility problems vulval discharge vulval mass vulval abnormalities abdominal distension systemic illness
vulval discharge
age, neutered status important
stage of repro cycle - meteoestrus, prenant
colour of discharge
white vaginal discharge
vaginitis
early metoestrus
open pyometra
cystitis
red vagina discharge
pro/oestrus persistent ovarian follicle ovarian tumor trauma cystitis neoplasia coagulopathy placental seperation vascular malformation
clear vaginal discharge
normal
clear watery vaginal discharge
amniotic/allantoic fluid
greeny black vaginal discharge
normal parturition
dystocia
brown/red-black vaginal discharge
metritis
yellow vaginal discharge
incontinence
vaginitis
usually purulent discharge
may cause irritation
juvenile - 2ndary to bacterial contamination + excess vaginal secretion. usually resolves spontaneously
adult - less common, aim to find cause, may respond to exogenous oestrogens
pyometra
v.important in small animal practice
dogs + cats
uterus fills with pus, can cause life threatening illness
usually presents within 8 weeks of last oestrus
can be open or closed (cervix) - closed worse
pyometra - causes
cystic endometrial hyperplasia
bacterial infection
progesterone
open/closed cervix
pyometra - clinical signs
depression lethargy mucopurulent vaginal discharge pyrexia PU/PD vomiting collapse shock
pyometra - haematology
neutrophilia with L shift possible azotaemia acidosis endotoxaemia hypoglycaemia anaemia coagulation abnormalities
pyometra - diagnosis
radiography
ultrasound
pyometra - treatment
medical
surgical (more common)
vaginal trauma
uncommon
may bleed severely
investigate and treat
vaginal mass
age, entire?
stage of repro cycle
size, shape, consistency of mass
vaginal/vestibulo neoplasia
smooth muscle tumors of vaginal/vestibule = commonest tumor in bitch
typically slow growing (leiomyoma)
65% of bitches entire
mass may be visible
vaginal/vestibulo neoplasia - diagnosis + treatment
Hx, PE
Radiography, endoscopy, biopsy
surgical with OVH
vaginal hyperplasia + prolapse
excessive response of vaginal mucosa to oestrogens in follicular phase - vaginal oedema/ prolapse
exposed tissue can be damaged
vaginal oedema/hyperplasia - diagnosis + treatment
diagnosis - Hx, PE
treat with vulvar sutures or surgical excision
tendency to recur
ambiguous genitalia
indication of presence of androgens therefore testicular material +/- ovarian tissue
enlarged clitoris/underdeveloped penis
evaluate pelvic anatomy
genotype?
ambiguous genitalia - treatment
remove gonads
partial/full penile amputation
treat other abnormalities associated with clinical signs
dystocia
problems during birth common in dog + cat fetal fluids pass but no birth in 2-3h straining for 20-30 mins with no births greenish (bitch)/reddish brown (queen) vulval dicharge but no birth 2-4h weak/irregular straining 2-4h since last birth second stage labour > 12h
dystocia - maternal causes
narrow birth canal disturbed labour - uterine inertia (most common cause) or spasm uterine abnormalities prolonged pregnancy psychogenic status extra uterine problems premature birth
dystocia - foetal causes
increased foetal size - litter size, gestation length, breeds
foetal malpresentation - most common
abnormal foetal development
primary uterine inertia
most common
uterus fails to respond to foetal signals
many causes (litter sizes, nutrition, age)
can be complete (uterus doesn’t contract) or partial
secondary uterine inertia
due to exhaustion of myometrium
secondary to obstruction of birth canal
medical management of dystocia
only when there’s NO evidence of obstruction
exercise the dam
feather roof of vaginal floor (fergasons reflex)
give oxytocin
caesarean if not possible
oxytocin
repeat small doses
can cause stillbirths
vulval vaginal abnormalities
can be congenital or acquired
congenital abnormalities
veulval stenosis
anovulvar cleft
rectovaginal fistula
vestibulovaginal stricture
acquired abnormalities
vulval hypertrophy
recessed vulva
trauma
neoplasia
abdominal mass/distention - causes
pyometra
retained foetus
ovarian/uterine neoplasia
segmental aplasia + mucometra
ovarian neoplasia
relatively uncommon
often present with large mass +/- ascites
may be endocrinology active
surgical excision
hydrometra/mucometra
sterile accumulations of fluid in uterus
rare
often present with large fluid filled viscus in abdomen
