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Reproduction > Disease of reproductive tract in the cat and dog - male > Flashcards

Disease of reproductive tract in the cat and dog - male Flashcards

1
Q

common problems

A 
neutering
behaviour modification
testicles missing
testicles different sizes
penis sticking out
penile mass or injury
preputial discharge
difficulty defecating
systemic illness
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2
Q

missing testicles

A

aka cryptorchidism
most common congenital defect in dog
undescended testicle may be abdominal, inguinal or prescrotal

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3
Q

cyryptochidism

A

retained testicles more suceptible to torsion + neoplasia
more common in pedigrees
castration usually advised to prevent future issues
testicular hypoplasia

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4
Q

different sized testicles

A

Dx based on Hx, PE, ultrasound, aspiration/biopsy

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5
Q

different sized testicles - causes

A

neoplasia
orchitis/epididymitis
torsion

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6
Q

neoplasia

A

second most common site for tumours in dog
may have more than 1 tumour type
tumours in scrotal testis generally benign but cryptorchid testis more malignant

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7
Q

3 most common testicular tumours

A

seminoma
interstitial cell tumour
sertoli cell tumour
roughly equal incidence`

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8
Q

functional tumours

A

interstitial (leydig) may make testosterone
sertoli cell toumours make make oestrogen -
feministaion
seminomas may be associated with feminisation
all tumour types associated with infertility

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9
Q

orchitis/epididymitis - signs

A 
epididymitis enlargement
testicular pain
tenseness + scrotal oedema 
may abcessate
animal may be systemically ill
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10
Q

orchitis/epididymitis - infection + treatment

A

small + firm testicle with epididymal enlargement
adhesion between tunics + scrotum may reduce testicular mobility
infections may be from urinary tract directly or via haematogenous spread
treatment depends on severity, use of dog.
castration

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11
Q

testicular torsion

A

unusual
variable signs
castration usually required

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12
Q

protruding penis - signs

A

low grade irritation

pain, bleeding, trauma

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13
Q

protruding penis - diagnoses

A

paraphimosis
priapism
trauma

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14
Q

paraphimosis

A

non erect penis protrudes + can’t be retracted
result from - narrowed preputial orifice, pernile enlargement, failure of penis to stay in prepuce
congenital or acquired

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15
Q

paraphimosis - treatment

A 
symptomatic
surgical enlargement of preputial opening
phallopexy
lengthen prepuce
partial penile amputation
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16
Q

priapism

A

persistent erection
uncommon
associated with - trauma, perineal abscess, neuro disease
ischaemic or non

17
Q

non-ischaemic priapism

A

entire penis partially rigid + non painful

not usually emergency

18
Q

ischaemic priapism

A

painful rigid shaft with with glans

emergency

19
Q

priapism - treatment

A

buster collar, analgesia + topical treatment

amputation if conservative measures fail

20
Q

penile mass - diagnoses

A

infl disease
neoplasia
urethral prolapse
diagnosis based on clinical sign +/- biopsy

21
Q

penile tumours

A

uncommon
types - TVT, SCC, papilloma, lymphoma, adenocarcenoma, MCT, osteosarcoma, ossifying fibroma, chondrosarcoma
treatment depends on type + location

22
Q

penile injury

A

may occur secondary to mating, fence jumping, dog fights, cat bites or RTA
may be iatrogenic secondary to surgery
haemorrhage, dysuria and/or extravasation of urine
treatment depends on degree + extent of wound

23
Q

hypospadias

A

developmental abnormality
failure of fusion of urogenital folds + incomplete formation of penile urethra
can occur anywhere on ventral aspect of penis
surgical correction not always attempted

24
Q

persistent frenulum

A

usually immature dogs
penis + prepuce should be fully seperated after puberty
treatment - sectioning under short GA

25
Q

phimosis

A

inability to protrude penis beyond preputial orifice
congenital or acquired
treatment - surgical or treat underlying conditions

26
Q

preputial discharge

A

slight creamy discharge normal in mature dog
prepuce has normal flora
severe/blood tinged discharge should be investigated
origin - external urethral orifice or prepuce

27
Q

dyschezia/systemic illness

A

dyschezia = important sign of male repro disease in the dog
prostate enlargement
may be with perineal rupture

28
Q

prostatic disease in the dog - causes

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
prostatitis/abscessation
prostatic cysts
neoplasia

29
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

A

most common prostatic disease in entire dogs
testosterone dependant
results in uniform prostate enlargement
may cause dschezia, dysuria, haematuria/urethral bleeding
Dx made on PE, ultrasonography

30
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - surgical treatment

A

castration
permanent involusion in 3-12 weeks
irreversible

31
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - medical treatment

A 
anti androgens - osaterone acetate
synthetic progestagen - delmadinone acetate
GnRH analogue - deslorelin
oestrogens - not recommended
faecal softeners
32
Q

prostatitis/prostatic abscessation

A 
common in dog, v.rare in cats
usually with UTI, can be haematogenous
more likely in entire dogs
may be with purulent urethral discharge
may be systemically ill, dysuric, painful, vomiting/diarrhoea, PU/PD
occasionally collapse + septic shock
33
Q

prostatitis/prostatic abscessation - Dx + treat

A 
PE, ultrasonography, aspirate
rectal likely to be painful
check for testicular involvement
clinical pathology - haem/biochem, urinalysis + culture, cytology of aspirate
treatment - medical or surgical
34
Q

prostatic cysts + paraprostatic cysts

A

not uncommon in dog, occur in cat
prostatic/parenchymal cysts
paraprostatic/periprostatic cysts
aetiology unknown, probably related to secretory activity
may be associated with urethral discharge
treatment - usually surgical - castate, omentalisation. BIOPSY CYST WALL

35
Q

prostatic neoplasia

A

rare
most common prostatic disease in castrated animals
commonest - adenocarcenoma, transitional cell carcinoma
tend to be locally invasive + metastisise
signs -weight loss, pain, lameness
prostate not always enlarged, may feel abnormal on palpation

36
Q

prostatic neoplasia - Dx + treatment

A

Dx based on biopsy - tru cut under US guidance, incisional biopsy
prognosis hopeless
treatment palliative - urethral stent, cystostomy tube, NSAIDs
prostatectomy rarely suitable

37
Q

prostatic surgery

A 
may be diagnostic and /or therapeutic
drainage - omentalisation, drain insertion, marsupialisation
cyst resection
biopsy
prostatectomy

Reproduction (25 decks)

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