Bacterial causes of reproductive tract disease Flashcards
Consequences of infection
abortion endometritis metritis infertility prostatitis
transmission routes
venereal
endogenous
environmental
Bovine abortion
leptospira hardjo bacillus licheniformis salmonella dublin + others brucella abortus + B.melitensis mycoses
leptospira harjo
biggest cause of cattle abortion, milk loss + infertility
70-80% of UK herd infected - infection often subclinical due to host adaption by pathogen
reservoir of infection is animals - spread by contact with infected
zoonotic in cattle
leptospira harjo - daignosis
paired sera from representative sample
examined by microscopic agglutination test at the VLA or other lab
bacillus licheniformis
from the environment
opportunist - causes sporadic occurrences of abortion
nor spread from animal to animal
brucella abortus
largely eradicated in UK - testing milk/serum + slaughter of infected
common in many parts of the world - reservoir in wildlife e.g bison
zoonotic - undulant fever in humans
spreads easily through a herd
brucella abortus - pathogenesis
chronic infections - granulomatous lesions
enter by phagocytosis at mucosal surfaces + migrate via lymphatics to the blood
localises in lymphatics, liver + spleen
goes to placenta - placentitis + abortion
facultative intracellular pathogen which hides in cells + avoids humoral immune system
salmonella enterica
invasive serovars - S. Dublin cause a septicaemia can also cause abortion
mycotic abortion
often due to aspergillus sp but can be other fungi species
high no of fungal spores inhaled/ingested - haematogenous migration to placenta, placentitis + death of foetus
subsequent fertility + health of cow unaffected
can cause equine abortion
bovine infectious infertility
campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
mucous membrane + prepuce of mature bull - lifelong asymptomatic infection
infection at service - catarrhal infl of genital tract, endometritis + infl, embryo dies, return to service, infertility
detect by culture, sheath washing, vaginal washing or abortion
bovine endometritis
non-specific - arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes, e.coli, strep. - cause bovine pyometra - acute or chronic suppurative infection
luteolysis prevented by infl, CL retained, drinage prevented by closed cervix
abortion in sheep
chlamydophilia abortus
campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
chlamydophilia abortus - sheep
obligate intracellular leng-term persistent infection late preg abortion subsequent fertility not impared reservior - sheep, faeces, birds venereal or oral transmission antigen detection by ELISA + kosters stain vaccine prevents new cases but doesn't clear established infection
campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus - sheep
sporadic infections
reservoir - intestinal trat- faeces on pasture
ingestion-invasion-blood-bacteraemia-placenta-abortion
