Reproductive Embryology II

Question 1

A woman presents to your office complaining of primary amenorrhea. Physical exam shows a shallow vagina and absence of uterus. What structure was likely absent in development?

Answer 1

Paramesonephric ducts

Question 2

What protein/gene has sometimes been implicated in paramesonephric duct agenesis?

Answer 2

WNT4

Question 3

What is responsible for testicular descent?

Answer 3

Testosterone in the gubernaculum

Question 4

What does the process vaginalis become in a male?

Answer 4

Tunica vaginalis

Question 5

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 5

Undescended testicle in the ingunal canal

Question 6

What gives rise to the phallus?

Answer 6

Genital tubercle at the cranial end of the cloacal membrane

Question 7

What forms the spongy urethra?

Answer 7

Urogenital folds fusion

Question 8

What do the corpora cavernosa penis and corpus spongiosium penis develop from?

Answer 8

mesenchyme of the phallus

Question 9

What do the labioscrotal swellings form?

Answer 9

Scrotum or labia majora

Question 10

What is the line of fusion of the labioscrotal folds called?

Answer 10

Scrotal raphe

Question 11

What does Male pseudohermaphroditism mean?

Answer 11

XY micropenis and feminine characteristics

Question 12

What causes DSD?

Answer 12

Low testosterone or bad MIF

Question 13

What fails to fuse with Hypospadies?

Answer 13

UG folds

Epithelial cord fails to join spongy urethra

Question 14

What is epispadias associated with?

Answer 14

Exstrophy of the bladder

Question 15

What do the urogenital folds become in the female?

Answer 15

Do not fuse, form labia minora

Question 16

What is a female pseudohermaphrodite?

Answer 16

XX genotype, huge clitoris, fusion of labia from Congenital adrenal hyperplasia