Renal Embryology

Question 1

What plate of mesoderm gives rise to the urogenital system?

Answer 1

Intermediate plate of mesoderm

Question 2

What are the two ridges that give rise to the renal, then genital regions?

Answer 2

Renal: Nephrogenic ridge
Genital: Genital ridge

Question 3

What are the three developmental phases make up the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 3

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Question 4

What happens in the pronephric phase?

Answer 4

Pronephric duct grows toward cloaca

Question 5

What does the pronephric duct become?

Answer 5

Mesonephric (Wolffian duct)

Question 6

What happens in the mesonephric phase?

Answer 6

Pronephric duct becomes mesonephric duct

Question 7

What do the mesonephric tubules become?

Answer 7

Efferent ductules of male testis

Question 8

What does the mesonephric duct become?

Answer 8

Ductus deferens and ureteric bud in male

Ureteric bud in female

Question 9

_____ grows into the _________ and forms the _______

Answer 9

Ureteric bud
Intermediate mesoderm
Metanephros (permanent kidney)

Question 10

What structures does the ureteric bud make?

Answer 10

Collecting ducts (tubules)
Major and minor calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter

Question 11

What embryological tissue gives rise to nephrons?

Answer 11

Metanephric blastema

Question 12

What embryological tissue gives rise to the collecting ducts?

Answer 12

Uretary buds

Question 13

How many vascular lobes are originally supplied by segmental vessels?

Answer 13

Five

Question 14

Where do kidneys get vascular supply from initially?

Answer 14

Common iliac arteries

Question 15

What developmental abnormality results from failure of ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm interaction?

Answer 15

Renal agenesis

Question 16

Who is most common to get renal agenesis?

Answer 16

Males

Question 17

What obstetric abnormality can tip off a physician to renal agenesis?

Answer 17

Single umbilical artery

Question 18

What developmental abnormalities result from partial division of the ureteric bud prior to interaction with metanephric mesoderm?

Answer 18

Bifid ureters

Question 19

What developmental abnormalities result from complete division of the ureteric bud prior to interaction with metanephric mesoderm?

Answer 19

Supernumary kidneys

Abnormal or non-rotation

Question 20

What developmental abnormality can result from failure of metanephric kidney migration from pelvis?

Answer 20

Pelvic kidney (fused)

Question 21

What developmental abnormalities can result from one developing kidney migrating to the contralateral side?

Answer 21

Crossed ectopic kidney
Fused kidneys
Malrotation

Question 22

What developmental abnormality can result from fusion of the inferior poles of the kidney?

Answer 22

Horseshoe kidney

Question 23

What does a horseshoe kidney ascent oftentimes get blocked by?

Answer 23

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 24

What is a potential complication of a polar renal artery?

Answer 24

Hydronephrosis

Question 25

What is dilated in the multicystic dysplastic kidney disease?

Answer 25

Nephrons, usually thin segments

Question 26

What does the site of fusion of the cloacal membrane and urorectal septum form?

Answer 26

Perineal body

Question 27

What does the allantois become?

Answer 27

urachus