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HRM - Anatomy/Embryology/Histology > Adrenal Gland Histology > Flashcards

Adrenal Gland Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What embryological tissue gives rise to the adrenal cortex?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

What embryological tissue gives rise to the adrenal medulla?

A

Neural crest cells

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3
Q

What type of nerve fibers innervate the adrenal medullary cells?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic

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4
Q

What are the three zones to the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasiculata
Zona reticularis

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5
Q

What do cells in the zona glomerulosa make?

A

Aldosterone!

Some corticosteroids

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6
Q

What are cells in the zona fasiculata called?

A

spongiocytes

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7
Q

What cellular characteristics do spongiocytes have?

A

Abundand lipid droplets
Abundant smooth ER
Mitochondria with tubular cristae

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8
Q

What do zona fasiculata cells (spongiocytes) make?

A

Cortisol or hydrocortisone

Some androgens and estrogens

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9
Q

What do cells in the zona reticularis make?

A

Sex hormones (Androgens), some glucocorticoids

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10
Q

What hormones stimulate the zona glomerulosa?

A

Angiotensin II

Corticotropin

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11
Q

What hormones stimulate the zona fasiculata and zona reticularis?

A

ACTH

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12
Q

In which zone can you see downward moving fenestrated capillaries?

A

Zona fasicularis

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13
Q

What are the cells called in the adrenal medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

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14
Q

What cellular characteristics are in chromaffin cells?

A

Prominent golgi and rough ER

Small secretory granules

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15
Q

What is chromogrannin?

A

ATP with soluble proteins that concentrate Epi or Norepi in secretory granules

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16
Q

What do chromaffin cells secrete?

A

Epinephrine OR Epinephrine

17
Q

What amino acid is a necessary precursor for the synthesis of epinephrine?

A

Tyrosine

18
Q

What stimulates the release of Epi or Norepi from enterochromaffin cells?

A

Acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic nerves

19
Q

What are chromaffin cells most similar to?

A

Neurons without axons or dendrites

20
Q

What is a tumor of the adrenal medullary cells called?

A

Pheochromocytoma

21
Q

What are the three sets of capillaries for the adrenal gland?

A

Capsular plexus (immediately under capsule)
Cortical sinusoidal vessels
Medullary capillaries

22
Q

What brings glucocorticoids to the venules of the medulla?

A

First cortical sinusoidal vessels

Then medullary capillaries

23
Q

Where are paraganglia cells and what do they do?

A

Associated with sympathetic ganglia

Do the same thing as chromaffin cells

HRM - Anatomy/Embryology/Histology (16 decks)

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