Ovarian Histology Flashcards
What are the exocrine functions of the ovary?
Ova production
Cytogenic secretion
What are the endocrine functions of the ovary?
Estrogen production
Progesterone production
What structures within the ovary produce estrogen?
Theca interna
Theca granulosa
Which structure in the ovary produces progesterone?
Corpus luteum
What structures suspend the ovary?
Mesovarium
Peritoneal covering
Hilum
What type of tissue makes up the ovarian medulla?
Loose fibroelastic connective tissue
What structures make up the ovarian cortex?
Tunic albuginea
Stroma
Where do primordial germ cells come from?
Yolk sac
During which fetal month do oogonia become 1° oocytes?
Third
In what phase of mitosis/meiosis are 1° oocytes arrested?
Prophase 1
In what phase are 2° oocytes arrested?
Metaphase II
When is the first meiosis completed?
Just prior to ovulation
When is the second first meiosis completed?
Just after fertilization
What are the six phases of follicular development?
Primordial follicle Unilaminar primary follicle Multilaminar primary follicle Secondary follicle Graafian (mature) follicle
What two cell types are involved with primordial follicles?
1° oocyte
Follicular cells
What is the zona pellucida made of?
Gel-like neutral proteins
What structure forms during secondary follicle formation?
The antrum
What cells form around the oocyte inside the theca?
Granulosa cells
What cells are in the theca interna?
follicle cells
What do follicle cells produce?
Androgens
What do granulosa cells produce?
Estrogen
How much time does it take to mature an immature follicle?
3 months
What signals the final maturation of graafian follicles?
LH
When is the first polar body produced?
When the 1° oocyte becomes the 2° oocyte
What is the bundle of granulosa cells around the oocyte in a graafian follicle?
Corona Cumulus oophorus
What What is left behind in the ovary by a released ovum?
Corpus luteum
What role does FSH play in ovulation?
Stimulates granulosa cell growth and estrogen synthesis
Stimulates LH receptor synth
What role does LH play in ovulation?
Stimulates thecal cell growth and androgen production
Stimulates progesterone production in granulosa cells
What, specifically, is the trigger for ovulation?
LH surge
What enzyme is important for conversion of Testosterone to estrogen?
Aromatase
What must the testosterone cross in order to become estrogen?
Leave theca cell
Cross Membrana granulosa
Enter granulosa cell
What hormone levels increase substantially during the luteal phase?
Progesterone
What does the corpus luteum become after 14 days and with no pregnancy?
Corpora albicans
What maintains the corpus luteum in pregnancy?
HCG
What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?
Directs repair of uterus following menstruation
What hormone primarily stimulates the breasts to develop?
Estrogen
What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
Prepares uterus for implantation (pro-gestation)
What makes relaxin?
Corpus luteum and decidual cells of placenta
What is the role of relaxin?
Inhibits contractions of myometrium during pregnancy
Promotes cervical dilation
Relaxes symphysis pubis
What is the role of inhibin?
Negative FSH feedback
