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Embryology > Reproductive Embryology > Flashcards

Reproductive Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

How can reproductive development be divided?

A

The gonads
Internal genitalia
External genitalia

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2
Q

What is the first stage of gonad development?

A

Indifferent stage

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3
Q

Where does gonad development begin?

A

Genital ridges - longitudinal ridges derived from intermediate mesoderm and overlying epitheloum

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4
Q

When does reproductive system begin to develop?

A

Week 4 = germ cell migration

Week 6 = development

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5
Q

What happens during the indifferent stage of gonad development?

A

Germ cells migrate from endoderm lining of yolk sac to genital ridges

Simultaneously the genital ridges proliferate to form primitive sex cords

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6
Q

How does the indifferent gonad develop into a testis?

A

Male = XY chromosomes = SRY gene

SRY gene stimulates development of testis cords

Part of testis cord breaks off to form rete testis

Rest of testis cord contains

  • germ cells
  • sertoli cells

Between testis cords = leydig cells - produce testosterone

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7
Q

What are leydig cells derived from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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8
Q

When do leydig cells start to produce testosterone?

A

Week 8

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9
Q

How does the indifferent gonad develop into ovaires?

A

No Y chromosone = no SRY gene

Primitive sex cords degenerate

Instead gonad epithelium proliferates = cortical cords

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10
Q

What happens to the cortical cords?

A

Break up into clusters and surround oogonium to form primordial follicle

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11
Q

What is the indifferent stage of internal genitalia development?

A

Production of

  • Mesonephric ducts
  • Paramesonephric ducts

Both end at the cloaca

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12
Q

What is the mesonephric duct also known as?

A

Wolffian duct

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13
Q

What is the paramesonephric duct known as?

A

Mullerian duct

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14
Q

How do the ducts develop in a male?

A

Testosterone
- development of mesonephric ducts

Sertoli cells produce anti-mullerian hormone = degeneration of paramesonephric ducts

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15
Q

What is derived from the mesonephric duct?

A

Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Vas deferns
Seminal vesicles

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16
Q

How do the ducts develop in a female?

A

No testosterone
- degeneration of mesonephric ducts

Absence of anti-mullerian hormone
- development of paramesonephric ducts

17
Q

What is the remnant of mesonephric ducts in females called?

A

Gartner’s duct

18
Q

What is derived from the paramesophric ducts?

A

Cranial = fallopian tubes

Caudal

  • uterus
  • cervix
  • upper 1/3 vagina
19
Q

What forms the lower 2/3 vagina?

A

Sinovaginal bulbs - derived from pelvic part of urogenital sinus

20
Q

What happens in the indifferent stage of external genitalia development?

A

Mesenchymal cells from primitive streak migrate to cloacal membrane to form pair of cloacal fols

Cranially - fuse to form genital tubercle

Caudally - divide into urethral and anal folds

Genital swellings develop either side of urethral folds

21
Q

How does the indifferent genitalia develop into male external genitalia?

A

DHT from testes driven

Rapid elongation of genital tubercle = phallus

Urethral folds pulled to form urethral groove - folds close to form urethra

Genital swellings = scrotum

22
Q

How does the indifferent genitalia develop into female external genitalia?

A

Driven by oestrogen

Genital tubercle = clitoris

Urethral folds and genital swellings do not fuse - form labia

Urogenital groove - forms vestibule for urethral + vaginal openings

23
Q

How do the testes descend?

A

Tethered to scrotum by gubernaculum

Week 28 - pass through inguinal canal

Week 33 - reach scrotum

Keep original blood supply

24
Q

How do the ovaries descend?

A

Tethered to labia by gubernaculum

Pulled down but growth of uterus prevents too much descent

25
Q

What is the male remnant of the gubernaculum?

A

Scrotal ligament

26
Q

What is the female remnant of the gubernaculum?

A

Ovarian ligament

Round ligament of the uterus

Embryology (13 decks)

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