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Embryology > GI Embryology > Flashcards

GI Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

How does the embryonic folding help with development of the GI system?

A

Cephalocaudal fold = creates cranial and caudal pockets from yolk sac endoderm - begins gut development

Lateral fold = primitive gut becomes tubular

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2
Q

What is the gut tube?

A

Endoderm lined tube running the length of the body

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3
Q

Where does the gut tube have an opening?

A

Umbilicus

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4
Q

What lines the gut tube?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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5
Q

How is the gut divided embryonically?

A

Foregut = blind diverticulum - buccopharyngeal membrane

Midgut = continuous with yolk sac

Hindugt = blind diverticulum - cloacal membrane Ho

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6
Q

What is derived from the foregut?

A 
Oesophagus 
Stomach 
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
Duodenum - proximal to ampulla of Vater
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7
Q

What is derived from the midgut?

A 
Duodenum - distal to ampulla of Vater
Jejenum 
Ileum 
Caecum 
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
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8
Q

What is derived from the hindgut?

A 
Distal 1/3 transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon 
Rectum 
Upper anal canal 
Lining of bladder + urethra
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9
Q

What is the intraembryonic coelom?

A

Large cavity formed as embryo folds - lined with splanchnic and somatic mesoderm

Later divided by future diaphragm

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10
Q

How do the mesenteries form?

A

Primitive gut is suspended in intraembryonic coelom

Splanchnic mesoderm surrounds gut

Mesentery formed by a condensation of this mesoderm

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11
Q

Where does a dorsal mesentery form?

A

Whole gut tube

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12
Q

Where does a ventral mesentery form?

A

Foregut

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13
Q

How do the greater and lesser sacs form?

A

Dorsal + ventral mesenteries in foregut split cavity into right and left sacs

Right sac = lesser sac

Left sac = greater sac

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14
Q

How does the greater omentum form?

A

From dorsal mesentery

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15
Q

How does the lesser omentum form?

A

From ventral mesentery

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16
Q

How does the foregut separate from the respiratory tract?

A

Respiratory diverticulum forms in the ventral wall of the foregut

Seperated by tracheoesophageal septum

  • Ventrally = respiratory pricordium
  • Dorsally = oesophagus
17
Q

What influences the position of the greater/lesser sacs?

A

Rotation of stomach

18
Q

How does the stomach rotate?

A

90 degress around long axis

Anticlockwise around dorsal-ventral axis

19
Q

Where does the liver develop?

A

In the ventral mesentery

20
Q

Where does the pancreas develop?

A

In the ventral mesentery

  • uncinate process
  • inferior head

In the dorsal mesentery

  • superior head
  • neck
  • body
  • tail
21
Q

What causes the shape of the duodenum?

A

Rotation of the stomach

22
Q

Why is the duodenum secondarily peritoneal?

A

Rotation of the stomach pushes duodenum against posterior abdominal wall

23
Q

Which structures in the foregut are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Duodenum

Pancreas

24
Q

What is formed by the midgut as it elongates?

A

Primary intestinal loop

25
Q

What is the structure of the primary intestinal loop?

A

SMA at the axis with cranial and caudal limbs

Connected to the yolk sac via the vitelline duct

26
Q

What is physiological herniation?

A

Primary intestinal loop herniates into umbilical cord

27
Q

What causes the physiological herniation/

A

Elongation of the primary intestinal loop

Growth of the liver

28
Q

When does the primary intestinal loop herniate?

A

Week 6

29
Q

What happens to the primary intestinal loop while it is in the umbilical cord?

A

Rotates

30
Q

How does the primary intestinal loop rotate?

A

3 x 90 degree turns - anticlockwise

31
Q

How does the intestinal loop return to the abdominal cavity?

A

Cranial limb returns first - moves to left side

Final step = descent of the caecal bud

32
Q

How does the anal canal develop?

A

2 distinct embryological origins divided by pectinate line

33
Q

What is the proctodeum?

A

Junction between embyronic layers in the anal canal

Embryology (13 decks)

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