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Embryology > Embryonic Period > Flashcards

Embryonic Period Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the epiblast in the third week?

A

Formation of the primitive streak long dorsal surface of epiblast

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2
Q

What is found at the cranial end of the primitive streak?

A

Primitive node

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3
Q

What is found within the primitive node?

A

Primitive pit

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4
Q

What happens in the third week?

A

Gastrulation

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5
Q

What happens in gastrulation?

A

Two cells layers become three germ cell layers

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6
Q

How does gastrulation occur?

A

Epiblast cells divide and migrate towards the primitive pit

Cells push though epiblast to form 3 new layers

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7
Q

What are the 3 germ cell layers?

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

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8
Q

What forms the endoderm?

A

Epiblast cells that migrate through the primitive pit and displace the hypoblast cells

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9
Q

What forms the mesoderm?

A

Epiblast cells that migrate through the primitive cells and lie between epiblst layer and new endoderm

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10
Q

What forms the ectoderm?

A

Epiblast cells that remain in position

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11
Q

What structures are derived from the endoderm?

A 
Epithelial lining of GI tract 
Epithelial lining of respiratory tract 
Lining of urinary and repro systems 
Liver 
Pancreas
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12
Q

What structures are derived from the mesoderm?

A

Notocord
MSK system
Muscular layer of GI tract
Circulatory system

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13
Q

What structures are derived from the ectoderm?

A

Epidermis of skin
Cornea + lens
Nervous system

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14
Q

What is neuralation?

A

Formation of the neural tube?

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15
Q

What initiates neuralation?

A

Week 3 - notochord appears in the mesoderm

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16
Q

What is the effect of the notochord?

A

Secretes growth factors which stimulate differentiation of overlying ectoderm into neuroectoderm - forms neural plate

17
Q

How does the neural plate form the neural tube?

A

Lateral edges of plate rise to form neural folds -> fuse in midlne to form neural tube

18
Q

What is the neural crest?

A

During folding some cells migrate to form the neural crest

19
Q

What are somites?

A

Organistion of paraxial mesoderm into segments

20
Q

How many somites do we end up with?

A

31

21
Q

What is derived from somites?

A

Dermatome - skin section
Myotome - muscle section
Sclerotome - hard tissue section

22
Q

What is the relevance of the segmentation into somites?

A

Gives rise to repeating structures

  • vertebrae
  • spinal cord segements
  • spinal nerves
23
Q

What happens in the 4th week?

A

Folding of the embryo

24
Q

What ways does the embryo fold?

A

Cephalocaudal

Lateral

25
Q

What does folding achieve?

A

Draws together margins of the disk

  • creates ventral body wall
  • pulls amniotic membrate around disk
  • pulls connecting stalk ventrally

Forms new cavity within embryo

Embryology (13 decks)

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