GI Embryological Defects

Question 1

What happens if the mid gut loop only makes one 90 degree rotation?

Answer 1

Left sided colon

Question 2

What happens if the midgut loop makes one 90 degrees rotation clockwise?

Answer 2

Transverse colon sits posterior to duodenum

Question 3

What are common abnormalities relating to the vitelline duct?

Answer 3

Vitelline cyst
Vitelline fistula
Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 4

What is a vitelline cyst?

Answer 4

Midportion of the vitelline duct remains patent but the ends are obliterated to mucus accumulates in the cyst

Question 5

What is a vitelline fistula?

Answer 5

Failure of the vitelline duct to close

Question 6

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 6

Outpouching/bulge in the lower part of the small intestine

Question 7

What rule applies to Meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 7

Rule of 2s

Question 8

What is the rule of 2s?

Answer 8

2% population
2 feet from ileocaecal valve
Usually detected under 2
2:1 male to female ration

Question 9

What is atresia?

Answer 9

Lumen obliterated

Question 10

What is stenosis?

Answer 10

Lumen narrowed

Question 11

What is pyloric stenosis?

Answer 11

Hypertrophy of circular muscle in the region of pyloric sphincter

Question 12

What is a key feature of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 12

Projectile vomiting

Question 13

What is gastroschisis?

Answer 13

Failure of cosure of the abdominal wall during folding of embryo

Question 14

What is omphalocele?

Answer 14

Peristence of physiological herniation

Question 15

How does omphalocele differ from umbilical hernation?

Answer 15

Hernia have a covering of skin and subcutaneous tissue