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Embryology > Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

When does the head and neck start to develop?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

What forms the structure of the head and neck?

A

Pharyngeal arches

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3
Q

How do the pharyngeal arches form?

A

Growth of mesenchymal tissue in cranial region forms arches separated by clefts

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4
Q

What separates the arches on the internal surface?

A

Pharyngeal pouches

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5
Q

What separates the arches on the external surface?

A

Pharyngeal clefts

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6
Q

What makes up the internal surface?

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

What makes up the external surface?

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

How many pharyngeal clefts are there initially?

A

4

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9
Q

What happens to the clefts?

A

1st cleft becomes external auditory meatus

2nd, 3rd, 4th are obliterated by 2nd pharyngeal arch

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10
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there initially?

A

6

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11
Q

Which pharyngeal arch regresses?

A

5th

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12
Q

What makes up each arch?

A

Cranial nerve
Muscular component
Skeletal/cartilaginous supporting element
Vascular component

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13
Q

How is the 1st arch split?

A

Maxillary prominence (dorsal portion)

Mandibular prominence (ventral portion)

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14
Q

What does the maxillary prominence form?

A

Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Part of temporal bone

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15
Q

What cartilage is associated with the maxillary prominence?

A

Maxillary cartilage

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16
Q

What does the maxillary cartilage give rise to?

A

Incus

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17
Q

What does the mandibular prominence form?

A

Mandible

18
Q

What cartilage is associated with the mandibular prominence?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

19
Q

What does Meckel’s cartilage give rise to?

A

Malleus

Sphenomandibular ligament

20
Q

What is the artery of the 1st arch?

A

Maxillary artery

21
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 1st arch?

A

CN V - trigeminal

22
Q

What muscles are formed by the 1st arch?

A

Muscles of mastication
Mylohyid
Anterior belly of digastric
Tensor tympani

23
Q

What are the arteries of the 2nd arch?

A

Stapedial artery

Hyoid artery

24
Q

What is the cartilage component of the 2nd arch?

A

Reichart’s cartilage

25
Q

What does Reichart’s cartilage give rise to?

A

Stapes
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament
Part of hyoid bone

26
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 2nd arch?

A

CN VII - facial

27
Q

What muscles are formed by the 2nd arch?

A 
Muscles of facial expression 
Stapedius 
Stylohyoid 
Platysma 
Posterior belly of digastric
28
Q

What is the artery of the 3rd arch?

A

Common carotid

29
Q

What does the cartilage of the 3rd arch give rise to?

A

Part of hyoid

30
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 3rd arch?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

31
Q

What muscle is formed by the 3rd arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

32
Q

What are the arteries of the 4th arch?

A

Right = proximal subclavian

Left = aortic arch

33
Q

What does the cartilage of the 4th arch give rise to?

A

Laryngeal cartilages

  • thyroid
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
34
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with the 4th arch?

A

Superior laryngeal branch of CN X - vagus

35
Q

What muscles are formed by the 4th arch?

A

Pharyngeal constrictors
Levator palatini
Cricothyroid

36
Q

What are the arteries of the 6th arch?

A

Right - proximal pulmonary arteries

Left - ductus arteriosus

37
Q

What cranial nerve is associated the 6th arch?

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X - vagus

38
Q

How many pharyngeal pouches are there?

A

5 - only 4 give rise to adult structures

39
Q

What is formed from the 1st pouch?

A

Eustachian tube

Middle ear cavity

40
Q

What is formed from the 2nd pouch?

A

Lining of the palatine tonsils

41
Q

What is formed from the 3rd pouch?

A

Dorsal - inferior parathyroid glands

Ventral - thymus

42
Q

What is formed from the 4th pouch?

A

Dorsal - superior parathyroid glands

Embryology (13 decks)

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