REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE Flashcards
what is the ovarian cycle?
to produce an ovum at regular interval to make reproductive success and secondary role is to regulate the cycle by means of oestrogen and progesterone.
what day is the follicular phase?
day 1 - 13
ovulation happens on what day?
14
what day is luteal phase?
15 - 28
what is the menstrual cycle?
lining of the uterus is suitable for implantation of the embryo if fertilisation occurs
what is menarche?
onset of period
12.3 years
obesity can cause early onset
malnutrition , low weight and eating disorders may delay
what is menopause
end of reproductive cycle
when supply of oocyte becomes exhausted
12 months without a period
signs , irritability , hot flushes , lethargic
what is menstruation
menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining
5-7 days
35-95ml contains endometrial debris
amenorrhea
absence of period primary menstruation never occurred secondary ceased for 6 months or more
dysmenorrhea
excessive menstrual pain , lower abdominal pain may radiate to back and legs
menorrhagia
heavy , painful periods , 80ml or more
what are the two layers of the endometrium
superficial layer
basal layer
what happen in menstrual phase
if oocyte is not fertilised corpus luteum degenerates , progesterone and oestrogen reduces causing endometrium to shred
what happen in the proliferative phase
proliferation
superficial layer regenerates , endometrium thickens with rich blood supply and mucous secreting glands
what happens in the secretory phase
endometrium begins to swell , secretory glands produce increasing mucus to assist sperm through the uterus , vaginal discharge becomes watery
what are the reproductive cycle hormones
hypothalamus - GNHR - anterior pituitary gland and releases FSH and LH - ovaries and release oestrogen and progesterone - uterus
what is the role of FSH
promotes maturation of ovarian follicles
promotes secretion of oestrogen leading to ovulation
encourages follicle to move to surface of ovary
secretion is suppressed during latter half of cycle to prevent other follicles maturing
what is the role of LH
encourages follicle to move to surface of ovary
triggers ovulation
stimulates development of corpus luteum
promotes secretion of progesterone
when do oestrogen level rise during the cycle
as follicle develops
as corpus luteum develops
what is the role oestrogen
stimulates thickening of endometrium , triggers surge of LH , stimulates FSH and LH production
what is the role of progesterone
stimulates and supports endometrial thickening , supports increased glandular development of endometrium during secretory phase , inhibits secretion of FSH and LH
what are the three phases of the uterus cycle
menstrual phase 1-5
proliferative phase 6 - 14
secretory phase 15-28
what are three phases of ovarian cycle
follicular phase 1-13
ovulation 14
luteal phase 14-28
what happen day 1-5 in the uterus
menstruation
endometrium shed down , corpus luteum degenerates , progesterone is reduce in favour of oestrogen
what happen day 1 - 5 in ovaries
follicular phase
GNHR is released from hypothalamus , stimulates anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH . FSH stimulates follicular maturation
what happens 6 - 14 in uterus
proliferative phase
proliferation
endometrium regenerates and thickens increasing mucus and glandular cells
what happens 6 - 14 in ovaries
follicular phase continues
follicles continue to ripen oestrogen is secreted
what happens day 14 in the uterus
ovulation
high oestrogen triggers surge in LH
Graafian follicle swells becomes tense and ruptures , empty follicle is Called corpus luteum
what happens 15 - 28 in the uterus
secretory phase
progesterone converts endometrium to secretory tissue , endometrial cells become large and blood supply is increased , folds begin to develop on endometrial surface , preparing for implantation
what happens 15 -28 in the ovaries
luteal phase
corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone , FSH and LH level continue to fall .
what happens when their is no pregnancy
corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans . oestrogen and progesterone levels fall
what happen is their is pregnancy
fertilised oocyte develops into syncitrophoblast and secrete HCG . HCG instructs corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and maintain the thick endometrium . corpus luteum is now called corpus luteum gravidiatis
