female pelvis and pelvic floor

Question 1

what is lateral

Answer 1

to the side

Question 2

anterior

Answer 2

front

Question 3

posterior

Answer 3

back

Question 4

superior

Answer 4

upward

Question 5

sub

Answer 5

below

Question 6

medial

Answer 6

middle

Question 7

what are the four pelvic shape

Answer 7

gynaecoid
anthropoid
android
plattypelloid

Question 8

what are three fused bones

Answer 8

iliim , ischium and pubis

Question 9

what does the sacrum and coccyx form

Answer 9

posterior wall

Question 10

ilium

Answer 10

superior part of the hip bone is the ileum form 2/5 of the acetabulum and is expanded superiorly to form the fan shaped Ala

Question 11

ischium

Answer 11

The ischium form the lower part of the pelvis and is much smaller but broader and thicker L shaped bone that connects to the ilium at the back posteriorly and the pubis anteriorly

Question 12

what is the ischial tuberosity

Answer 12

structure a person rests on when sat down

Question 13

the pubis

Answer 13

The pubis - refferred to as pubic bone is a much smaller bone that forms the front or anterior aspect of the pelvis

Question 14

where do the two pubic bones meet

Answer 14

syphysis pubis

Question 15

the sacrum

Answer 15

The sacrum forms the back wall of the pelvis and comprises five vertebrae that are fused together to form a wedge shaped bone

Question 16

the coccyx

Answer 16

comprises of four coccygeal vertebrae , creates a triangular shape , anteriorly smooth and flat which supports rectum

Question 17

true pelvis

Answer 17

refers to the bony canal the fetus must pass through for birth - comprises of a brim / inlet , cavity and outlet

Question 18

false pelvis

Answer 18

above the true pelvis and is the lower part of the abdominal cavity

Question 19

pelvic brim inlet

Answer 19

separates the false pelvis above from the true pelvis below - acts as an inlet where baby comes into the pelvis. The brim is a round shape except the sacral promontory which protrudes from it posteriorly.

Question 20

pelvic cavity

Answer 20

midpelvis - extends from pelvic brim to outlet . Forms the curve of carus which the fetus has to navigate in order to be bone , the space within it is a perfect circle shape.

Question 21

pelvic outlet

Answer 21

Pelvic outlet - this is either an ovoid or a diamond shape space - comprises of mainly ligaments and muscular tissue
The outlet has many landmarks such as
Border of syphysis fundus
Pubic arch
Ischial spines
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous
Lower aspect of the sacrum and coccy

Question 22

what is the pelvic floor

Answer 22

• Complex structure of muscles , fascia and ligaments that surround the opening at the bottom of the bony pelvis
  
  • Support - it supports the pelvic organs and the pregnant uterus
    Muscles - the pelvic muscles lie front to back side and round 3 openings

Question 23

functions of pelvic floor

Answer 23

• Maintains continence by keeping the urethra - the tube from the bladder to the outside and bowel closed until needing a void
  
  • Support the walls of the vagina
  • Maintains stability of pelvis and spine
  • Improves sexual function

Question 24

what are the changes of pelvic floor during pregnancy

Answer 24

• Increased relaxin - leads to great elasticity and stretching abilities
  
  • Increased progesterone - reduces smooth muscle tone affecting ureta , bladder and urethra
  • Increased BMI in pregnancy correlates with increased pressure on the pelvic floor which increases likelihood of stress urinary incontinence
  • Fetal descent causes the pelvic muscles to become displaced and push to bladder upwards
    Presenting part meets the resistance of the pelvic floor and rotates towards the symphysis fundus

Question 25

what are the most important muscles when suturing the perineum

Answer 25

These muscles are the most important when suturing the perinium
Bulbocavernosus muscle
Transverse perineal muscle
External anal sphincter