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Human Anatomy > Reproductive (all) > Flashcards

Reproductive (all) Flashcards

1
Q

function of reproductive system

A

continuing the human race
regulates sex hormones involved with determination of sex (male or female) and secondary characteristics such as breasts or defined muscles

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2
Q

what is the notation for the different sexes?

A

male: XY
female: XX

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3
Q

perineum

A

diamond shaped area between the thighs
anterior border is pubic symphysis, later border is ischial tuberosity and posterior border is coccyx

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4
Q

urogenital triangle

A

contain clitoris, urethral and vaginal offices in females, and base of penis and scrotum in males

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5
Q

anal triangle

A

location of anus in both sexes

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6
Q

uterus

A

where a fetus grows, contains a lining that sheds known as a females’ period

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7
Q

ovary

A

site of female gamete production, storage and release

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8
Q

fallopian tube

A

extension of uterus that gamete (egg) travels down from ovary to uterus

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9
Q

cervix

A

narrowing and distal end of uterus that separates internal uterine environment from the outside

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10
Q

vagina

A

inferior most part that contracts the uterus to the outside of the body

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11
Q

ligaments in female reproductive system

A

broad ligament
suspensory ligament
ovarian ligament
round ligament

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12
Q

what is the broad ligament?

A

covers whole uterus, tubes and ovaries to hold them in place and protect them. Divided in 3 sections.
1. Mesometrium: covers the uterus
2. mesosalpinx: covers fallopian tube
3. mesovarium: attaches ovaries to the rest of the broad ligament

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13
Q

what is the suspensory ligament?

A

attaches to the later edge of each ovary and connects it to the lateral pelvic wall
- ovarian artery and vein run within this ligament to supply the ovaries

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14
Q

what is the ovarian ligament?

A

connects the ovary to the uterus to hold it in place

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15
Q

what is the round ligament?

A

originates on the lateral exterior wall of the uterus and projects down through the inguinal area to attach to the labia majora

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16
Q

hilum

A

in ovary, where the mesovarium attaches to the ovary

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17
Q

tunica albuginea

A

connective tissue capsule that surrounds ovary

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18
Q

cortex

A

outer ‘edge’ of ovary tissue that contains ovarian follicles

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19
Q

medulla

A

inner portion composed of areolar CT and contains ovarian blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

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20
Q

uterine part

A

connects rest of the fallopian tube to the uterus, narrowest part

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21
Q

isthmus of fallopian tubes

A

extends medially from the ampulla toward the lateral wall of uterus and forms 1/3 of the fallopian tube

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22
Q

ampulla

A

expanded region of the fallopian tube. Fertilization of secondary oocyte usually occurs here

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23
Q

infundibulum

A

free, funnel-shaped, lateral margin of tube
- has any finger- like fimbriae that rests on top of ovary during ovulation, but not directly attached

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24
Q

fundus of uterus

A

broad, curved superior regions extending between the lateral attachments of the fallopian tubes

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25
Q

body of uterus

A

major part, middle region composed of thick walls of smooth muscle.
Contains the majority of the uterus lumen

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26
Q

isthmus of uterus

A

narrow, constricted inferior region of body that is directly superior to cervix

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27
Q

cervix of uterus

A

narrow inferior portion of uterus that projects into the vagina
- cervix: protrusion of inferior end of uterus into the vagina
- external os: small opening of cervix that opens into lumen of the uterus

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28
Q

layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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29
Q

what is the perimetrium

A

outer tunic serosa, continuos with broad ligament

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30
Q

what is the myometrium

A

thick muscular layer composed on 3 intertwining layers of smooth muscle, in charge of contractions and cramps

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31
Q

what is the endometrium

A

simple columnar epithelia with an underlying lamina propria
- basal layer: adjacent to myometrium and permanent
- functional layer: grows during puberty and shed as menses if fertilization doesn’t take place

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32
Q

describe the vagina

A
  • thick walled fibromuscular tube that forms the innermost region that connects the uterus to the outside of body
  • functions as birth canal
  • copulatory organ, receives penis during intercourse
  • passageway of menstruation
  • contains the vaginal orifice
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33
Q

what is the vaginal orifice?

A

external opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body

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34
Q

mons pubis

A

expanse of skin and subcutaneous tissue immediately anterior to pubic symphysis

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35
Q

labia majora

A

paired, thick folds of skin and CT
contains sweat glands and covered in pubic hair

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36
Q

labia minora

A

paired, folds internal to labia majora
no hair, highly vascularized CT

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37
Q

vestibule of vagina

A

space between the labia minora

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38
Q

vestibular glands openings

A

paired gland openings onto vulvar surface

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39
Q

prepuce and glans of clitoris

A

very end of the clitoris (glans) covered by a fold of the labia minora (prepuce)

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40
Q

body of clitoris

A

formed by 2 small erectile bodies called corpora cavernosa

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41
Q

crus of clitoris

A

extensions of each bodies that attach to the pubic arch

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42
Q

bulb of vestibule of vagina

A

erectile body on either side of the vaginal orifice that becomes erect during intercourse

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43
Q

greater vestibular glands

A

paired glands that secrete mucin which forms mucus to act as a lubricant for vagina. Secretion increases during intercourse

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44
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

fibrous connective bands that extend from the skin to attach to the deep fascia overlying pectorals major muscle to support breasts

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45
Q

lobes of mammary glands

A

divisions of mammary glands
- further divided into lobules and further divided into alveoli that produce milk

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46
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

drains breast milk from a single breast lobe.
Widens and drains into the sinus as it approaches the nipple

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47
Q

lactiferous sinus

A

space where milk is stored prior to release from nipple

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48
Q

areola

A

pigmented ring of skin around nipple
areolar glands: sebaceous glands that form a bumpy surface

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49
Q

nipple

A

cylindrical projection of the center of breast.
Contains multiple openings of excretory ducts that transport breast milk

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50
Q

what is the primary sex organ for males?

A

testes
- penis is the male organ of copulation: urethra travels from the bladder through penis to transport urine outside body

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51
Q

accessory reproductive organs for males

A

complex set of ducts and tubules leading from the testes to the penis, a group of male accessory glands and the penis

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52
Q

scrotum

A

skin covered sac between thighs that provides a cooler environment needed for normal sperm development

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53
Q

external anatomy of the scrotum

A
  • raphae: ridgelike seam at the midline
  • scrotum wall: external layer of skin, directly underneath the skin is a thin layer superficial
  • fascia covers a smooth muscle called the dartos muscle (which is responsible for pulling the testes closer to the body for warmth)
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54
Q

spermatic cord

A

blood vessels and nerves to the testes travel from within the abdomen to scrotum
- originates in inguinal canal

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55
Q

what is the inguinal canal

A

a tubelike passageway through the inferior abdominal wall

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56
Q

spermatic cord wall

A

extension of the abdominal wall
- internal spermatic fascia
- cremaster muscle
- external spermatic fascia

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57
Q

what is the cremaster muscle from spermatic cord wall?

A

formed from muscle fiber

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58
Q

what is the external spermatic fascia from spermatic cord wall?

A

formed from external oblique muscle fascia

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59
Q

vas deferens

A

duct that connects testes with the outside of the body to move sperm out through the penis

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60
Q

testicular artery

A

single artery that is a direct branch off the abdominal aorta to supply the testes

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61
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

network of veins that surround the artery to regulate temp of blood going to the testes

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62
Q

autonomic nerves of spermatic cord

A

travels with these vessels and innervates the testes

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63
Q

what are testes?

A

produce sperm and androgens
Testes are divided into lobules, separated by projections of the tunica albuginea called septa. Each lobule contains coiled seminiferous tubules which is where cells that become sperm and support sperm generation are located

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64
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis

A

visceral and parietal layers that cover testes. separated layers by serous fluid

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65
Q

tunica albuginea

A

thick fibrous capsule covering whole testes, deep to the visceral layer. Rigid

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66
Q

describe sperm movement

A
  • sperm develop initially into seminiferous tubules located in the lobules of testes
  • passing through the ducts, they enter the epidermis where sperm are stored until mature
    (if sperm don’t leave the body, they are reabsorbed)
  • From the epididymis, sperm will travel into vas deferens up into abdominal cavity
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67
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

conducts sperm from the vas deferens and seminal fluid from seminal vesicle toward the prostate urethra

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68
Q

root of penis

A

dilated internal to the body and composed of the bulb, crura, body, and glans of penis

69
Q

bulb of penis

A

internal extensions of corpus spongiosum (erectile tissue)

70
Q

crura of penis

A

two internal extensions of corpus cavernosa (extra erectile tissue)

71
Q

body of penis

A

shaft, elongated movable portion, composed of 3 cylindrical erectile bodies

72
Q

glans of penis

A

very tip of penis covered by a prepuce (foreskin)

73
Q

external urethral orifice

A

found at the tip of glans of penis to provide an exit for urine and semen

74
Q

corpora cavernosa

A
  • paired erectile bodies
  • make up the dorsal part of penis
  • each have a central artery running through that supplies blood to bodies for erection
  • bound together by tunica albuginea
  • filled with venous spaces where blood fills them and makes them rigid
75
Q

corpus spongiosum

A
  • inferior erectile body that houses the spongy urethra
  • runs along midline and underside of penis
  • also bound in tunica albuginea
76
Q

what is the purpose for glands in the male repro system?

A

to produce fluid that helps neutralize the acidity of the vagina, otherwise sperm would not survive. It also nourishes sperm as they potentially travel through female repro system.

77
Q

seminal vesicle

A

Located on the posterior surface of urinary bladder, lateral to ampulla
- medial portion connects with ampulla to form ejaculatory duct
- fluid secreted contains fructose, prostaglandins and bicarbonate

79
Q

bulboreurethral gland

A

Paired glands within the pelvic floor muscles on either side of membranous urethra.
- secrete a clear viscous mucin that forms mucus (which lubricates urethra prior to ejaculation)

80
Q

prostate gland

A

Walnut shaped, immediately inferior to the bladder
- fluid contains citric acid, seminal plasmin and prostate-specific antigen

81
Q

what is the homologous structure to an ovary?

A

testes

82
Q

what is the homologous structure to the clitoris?

A

glans of penis

83
Q

what is the homologous structure to the labia minora?

A

body of penis

84
Q

what is the homologous structure to the labia majora?

A

scrotum

85
Q

what is the homologous structure to the greater vestibular gland?

A

bulbourethral gland

86
Q

continuing the human race
regulates sex hormones involved with determination of sex (male or female) and secondary characteristics such as breasts or defined muscles

A

function of reproductive system

87
Q

male: XY
female: XX

A

what is the notation for the different sexes?

88
Q

diamond shaped area between the thighs
anterior border is pubic symphysis, later border is ischial tuberosity and posterior border is coccyx

A

perineum

89
Q

contain clitoris, urethral and vaginal offices in females, and base of penis and scrotum in males

A

urogenital triangle

90
Q

location of anus in both sexes

A

anal triangle

91
Q
A
91
Q

where a fetus grows, contains a lining that sheds known as a females’ period

A

uterus

92
Q

site of female gamete production, storage and release

A

ovary

93
Q

extension of uterus that gamete (egg) travels down from ovary to uterus

A

fallopian tube

94
Q

narrowing and distal end of uterus that separates internal uterine environment from the outside

A

cervix

95
Q

inferior most part that contracts the uterus to the outside of the body

A

vagina

96
Q

broad ligament
suspensory ligament
ovarian ligament
round ligament

A

ligaments in female reproductive system

97
Q

covers whole uterus, tubes and ovaries to hold them in place and protect them. Divided in 3 sections.
1. Mesometrium: covers the uterus
2. mesosalpinx: covers fallopian tube
3. mesovarium: attaches ovaries to the rest of the broad ligament

A

what is the broad ligament?

98
Q

attaches to the later edge of each ovary and connects it to the lateral pelvic wall
- ovarian artery and vein run within this ligament to supply the ovaries

A

what is the suspensory ligament?

99
Q

connects the ovary to the uterus to hold it in place

A

what is the ovarian ligament?

100
Q

originates on the lateral exterior wall of the uterus and projects down through the inguinal area to attach to the labia majora

A

what is the round ligament?

101
Q

in ovary, where the mesovarium attaches to the ovary

A

hilum

102
Q

connective tissue capsule that surrounds ovary

A

tunica albuginea

103
Q

outer ‘edge’ of ovary tissue that contains ovarian follicles

A

cortex

104
Q

inner portion composed of areolar CT and contains ovarian blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

A

medulla

105
Q

connects rest of the fallopian tube to the uterus, narrowest part

A

uterine part

106
Q

extends medially from the ampulla toward the lateral wall of uterus and forms 1/3 of the fallopian tube

A

isthmus of fallopian tubes

107
Q

expanded region of the fallopian tube. Fertilization of secondary oocyte usually occurs here

A

ampulla

108
Q

free, funnel-shaped, lateral margin of tube
- has any finger- like fimbriae that rests on top of ovary during ovulation, but not directly attached

A

infundibulum

109
Q

broad, curved superior regions extending between the lateral attachments of the fallopian tubes

A

fundus of uterus

110
Q

major part, middle region composed of thick walls of smooth muscle.
Contains the majority of the uterus lumen

A

body of uterus

111
Q

narrow, constricted inferior region of body that is directly superior to cervix

A

isthmus of uterus

112
Q

narrow inferior portion of uterus that projects into the vagina
- cervix: protrusion of inferior end of uterus into the vagina
- external os: small opening of cervix that opens into lumen of the uterus

A

cervix of uterus

113
Q

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

A

layers of the uterus

114
Q

outer tunic serosa, continuos with broad ligament

A

what is the perimetrium

115
Q

thick muscular layer composed on 3 intertwining layers of smooth muscle, in charge of contractions and cramps

A

what is the myometrium

116
Q

simple columnar epithelia with an underlying lamina propria
- basal layer: adjacent to myometrium and permanent
- functional layer: grows during puberty and shed as menses if fertilization doesn’t take place

A

what is the endometrium

117
Q
  • thick walled fibromuscular tube that forms the innermost region that connects the uterus to the outside of body
  • functions as birth canal
  • copulatory organ, receives penis during intercourse
  • passageway of menstruation
  • contains the vaginal orifice
A

describe the vagina

118
Q

external opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body

A

what is the vaginal orifice?

119
Q

expanse of skin and subcutaneous tissue immediately anterior to pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

120
Q

paired, thick folds of skin and CT
contains sweat glands and covered in pubic hair

A

labia majora

121
Q

paired, folds internal to labia majora
no hair, highly vascularized CT

A

labia minora

122
Q

space between the labia minora

A

vestibule of vagina

123
Q

paired gland openings onto vulvar surface

A

vestibular glands openings

124
Q

very end of the clitoris (glans) covered by a fold of the labia minora (prepuce)

A

prepuce and glans of clitoris

125
Q

formed by 2 small erectile bodies called corpora cavernosa

A

body of clitoris

126
Q

extensions of each bodies that attach to the pubic arch

A

crus of clitoris

127
Q

erectile body on either side of the vaginal orifice that becomes erect during intercourse

A

bulb of vestibule of vagina

128
Q

paired glands that secrete mucin which forms mucus to act as a lubricant for vagina. Secretion increases during intercourse

A

greater vestibular glands

129
Q

fibrous connective bands that extend from the skin to attach to the deep fascia overlying pectorals major muscle to support breasts

A

suspensory ligaments

130
Q

divisions of mammary glands
- further divided into lobules and further divided into alveoli that produce milk

A

lobes of mammary glands

131
Q

drains breast milk from a single breast lobe.
Widens and drains into the sinus as it approaches the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

132
Q

space where milk is stored prior to release from nipple

A

lactiferous sinus

133
Q

pigmented ring of skin around nipple
areolar glands: sebaceous glands that form a bumpy surface

A

areola

134
Q

cylindrical projection of the center of breast.
Contains multiple openings of excretory ducts that transport breast milk

A

nipple

135
Q

testes
- penis is the male organ of copulation: urethra travels from the bladder through penis to transport urine outside body

A

what is the primary sex organ for males?

136
Q

complex set of ducts and tubules leading from the testes to the penis, a group of male accessory glands and the penis

A

accessory reproductive organs for males

137
Q

skin covered sac between thighs that provides a cooler environment needed for normal sperm development

A

scrotum

138
Q
  • raphae: ridgelike seam at the midline
  • scrotum wall: external layer of skin, directly underneath the skin is a thin layer superficial
  • fascia covers a smooth muscle called the dartos muscle (which is responsible for pulling the testes closer to the body for warmth)
A

external anatomy of the scrotum

139
Q

blood vessels and nerves to the testes travel from within the abdomen to scrotum
- originates in inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord

140
Q

a tubelike passageway through the inferior abdominal wall

A

what is the inguinal canal

141
Q

extension of the abdominal wall
- internal spermatic fascia
- cremaster muscle
- external spermatic fascia

A

spermatic cord wall

142
Q

formed from muscle fiber

A

what is the cremaster muscle from spermatic cord wall?

143
Q

formed from external oblique muscle fascia

A

what is the external spermatic fascia from spermatic cord wall?

144
Q

duct that connects testes with the outside of the body to move sperm out through the penis

A

vas deferens

145
Q

single artery that is a direct branch off the abdominal aorta to supply the testes

A

testicular artery

146
Q

network of veins that surround the artery to regulate temp of blood going to the testes

A

pampiniform plexus

147
Q

travels with these vessels and innervates the testes

A

autonomic nerves of spermatic cord

148
Q

produce sperm and androgens
Testes are divided into lobules, separated by projections of the tunica albuginea called septa. Each lobule contains coiled seminiferous tubules which is where cells that become sperm and support sperm generation are located

A

what are testes?

149
Q

visceral and parietal layers that cover testes. separated layers by serous fluid

A

what is the tunica vaginalis

150
Q

thick fibrous capsule covering whole testes, deep to the visceral layer. Rigid

A

tunica albuginea

151
Q
  • sperm develop initially into seminiferous tubules located in the lobules of testes
  • passing through the ducts, they enter the epidermis where sperm are stored until mature
    (if sperm don’t leave the body, they are reabsorbed)
  • From the epididymis, sperm will travel into vas deferens up into abdominal cavity
A

describe sperm movement

152
Q

conducts sperm from the vas deferens and seminal fluid from seminal vesicle toward the prostate urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

153
Q

dilated internal to the body and composed of the bulb, crura, body, and glans of penis

A

root of penis

154
Q

internal extensions of corpus spongiosum (erectile tissue)

A

bulb of penis

155
Q

two internal extensions of corpus cavernosa (extra erectile tissue)

A

crura of penis

156
Q

shaft, elongated movable portion, composed of 3 cylindrical erectile bodies

A

body of penis

157
Q

very tip of penis covered by a prepuce (foreskin)

A

glans of penis

158
Q

found at the tip of glans of penis to provide an exit for urine and semen

A

external urethral orifice

159
Q
  • paired erectile bodies
  • make up the dorsal part of penis
  • each have a central artery running through that supplies blood to bodies for erection
  • bound together by tunica albuginea
  • filled with venous spaces where blood fills them and makes them rigid
A

corpora cavernosa

160
Q
  • inferior erectile body that houses the spongy urethra
  • runs along midline and underside of penis
  • also bound in tunica albuginea
A

corpus spongiosum

161
Q

to produce fluid that helps neutralize the acidity of the vagina, otherwise sperm would not survive. It also nourishes sperm as they potentially travel through female repro system.

A

what is the purpose for glands in the male repro system?

162
Q

Located on the posterior surface of urinary bladder, lateral to ampulla
- medial portion connects with ampulla to form ejaculatory duct
- fluid secreted contains fructose, prostaglandins and bicarbonate

A

seminal vesicle

163
Q

Paired glands within the pelvic floor muscles on either side of membranous urethra.
- secrete a clear viscous mucin that forms mucus (which lubricates urethra prior to ejaculation)

A

bulboreurethral gland

164
Q

Walnut shaped, immediately inferior to the bladder
- fluid contains citric acid, seminal plasmin and prostate-specific antigen

A

prostate gland

165
Q

testes

A

what is the homologous structure to an ovary?

166
Q

glans of penis

A

what is the homologous structure to the clitoris?

167
Q

body of penis

A

what is the homologous structure to the labia minora?

168
Q

scrotum

A

what is the homologous structure to the labia majora?

169
Q

bulbourethral gland

A

what is the homologous structure to the greater vestibular gland?

Human Anatomy (11 decks)

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