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Physiology Final > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Mutations in genes responsible for signals impacting GnRH release could lead to what pathology?

A

Central precocious puberty

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2
Q

Testitoxicosis is a genetic form of what pathology?

A

Peripheral precocious puberty

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3
Q

Thelarche refers to?

A

Development of breasts

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4
Q

A y-year old patient has a hypothalamic tumor leading to excess GnRH secretion. What may occur as a result?

A

Central precocious puberty

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5
Q

GnRH is released from?

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

The development of breasts is in response to?

A

Estrogen

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7
Q

Menarche refers to?

A

First menstrual bleeding

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8
Q

Approximately how many females in the U.S. will experience some degree of pelvic organ prolapse?

A
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9
Q

What is an example of a physiological state of amenorrhea?

A

Pregnancy

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10
Q

A patient who was previously menstruating has had an absence of menses for 8 months. She is experiencing?

A
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11
Q

Diagnosis of PCOS is based on the presence of at least 2 of the following 3 criteria?

A

Chronic anovulation hyperandrogenism (clinical or biological and polycystic ovaries

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12
Q

What gestational pathology increases the risk of hypertension in pregnancy?

A
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13
Q

What condition is a common cause of infertility?

A

Endometriosis

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14
Q

True or False

In a couple struggling with fertility the cause is more likely the males?

A

False they are both about equal likely

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15
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease may lead to infertility by causing?

A

Pelvic adhesions

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16
Q

Implantation of fetal tissue inside the uterus is called?

A

Pregnancy

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17
Q

Through what mechanism could hyperprolactinemia cause infertility?

A

Prolactin suppresses GnRH secretion

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18
Q

What is risk factor for placenta previa?

A

Prior D&C

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19
Q

Implantation of fetal tissue in the cervix is called?

A
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20
Q

What endocrine disorder is most likely to cause infetility?

A

Hypogonadism

21
Q

What pathology accounts for 16% of maternal deaths in high-income countries?

A

Preeclampsia

22
Q

What percent of pregnancies are affected by gestational diabetes in the U.S.?

A

2%-10%

23
Q

This STI follows a progression of stages that can last for weeks, months or even years?

A

Syphilis

24
Q

What STI is curable?

A

Trichomoniasis

25
Q

This stage of syphilis infection is marked by skin rashes and/or mucous membrane lesions?

A

Secondary

26
Q

HSV-2 is?

A

A virus that most commonly causes genital herpes but can also cause oral herpes.

27
Q

Which organism causes the most commonly reported bacterial infection in the U.S.?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

28
Q

What is STI is caused by an bacteria?

A

Gonorrhea

29
Q

HSV-1 is?

A

A virus that most commonly causes oral herpes but can also cause genital herpes.

30
Q

What infection is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum?

A

Syphilis

31
Q

What STI is caused by a protozoan parasite?

A

Trichomoniasis

32
Q

Untreated Neisseria Gonorrhea infection can lead to?

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

33
Q

What strain of HPV results in hand warts?

A

HPV-2

34
Q

Bladder outflow obstruction, and lower urinary tract symptoms, such as feeling of incomplete bladder emptying are symptoms of?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

35
Q

What describes prolonged penile erection that is typically progressively painful?

A

Ischemic priapism

36
Q

What is priapism?

A

Prolonged erection of the penis in the absence of stimulation

37
Q

True or False

Erectile dysfunction is almost always treatable

A

True

38
Q

In the U.S. prostate cancer disproportionately effects what race?

A

African Americans

39
Q

What is the most common diagnosed cancer in men?

A

Prostate

40
Q

How does benign prostatic hyperplasia represents a loss of homeostasis?

A

Imbalance of cell proliferation and cell death, favoring cell proliferation

41
Q

What is a risk factor for prostate cancer?

A

Persistently elevated testosterone levels

42
Q

What is not a risk factor for testicular cancer:
Cryptorchidism
Erectile dysfunction
Family history
Infections

A
43
Q

In secondary hypogonadism, low testosterone levels are due to?

A

Low GnRH, LH or FSH

44
Q

True or False

The incidence of testicular cancer doubled over the past forty years

A

True

45
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females?

A

Breast cancer

46
Q

Chocolate cysts are characteristic of?

A

Endometriosis

47
Q

What pathology is caused by human papillomavirus infection?

A

Cervical cancer

48
Q

A young female presents with obesity, infertility, oligomenorrhea, and hirsutism. These are classic signs of?

A

PCOS

49
Q
A

Physiology Final (10 decks)

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