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Physiology Final > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

What medication can increase the risk of developing peptic ulcer disease?

A

NSAIDS

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2
Q

What is often a cause of dumping syndrome?

A

Gastric bypass surgery

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3
Q

What enzyme is usually elevated in patients who have PUD?

A

Pepsin

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4
Q

What are three common causes of Colitis?

A

Infection
Ischemia
Radiation exposure

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5
Q

What is developmental lactase deficiency?

A
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6
Q

What is congenital lactase deficiency?

A

Absence of the lactase enzyme from an autosomal recessive inheritance

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7
Q

What is secondary lactase deficiency?

A

Loss of lactase resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury to the intestinal mucosa

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8
Q

What are diverticula?

A

Abnormal out-pouches of wall of the large intestine

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9
Q

What can cause reduced blood flow and can result in death in people with inguinal hernias?

A

Incarceration

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10
Q

What defect seen in ulcerative colitis typically leads to increased presence of pathogenic antigens in the lumen?

A

Epithelial barrier and tight junction defects

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11
Q

True or False

Signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are bloody diarrhea, mucus discharge, and rectal tenesmus

A

True

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12
Q

What is characterized as an auto-immune disease causing intestinal inflammation and damage from gluten?

A

Celiac disease

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13
Q

What layers of the intestine are generally affected by Celiac disease?

A

Mucosa

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14
Q

What do we define as the relationship and two-way signaling between the CNS and the GI track

A

Brain-gut interaction

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15
Q

What are the patchy-appearing inflamed wounds, seen with Crohn disease that are interspersed with healthy, normal areas of tissue called?

A

Skip lesions

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16
Q

What is the peptide that is derived from gluten and often cause damage to the small intestine in individuals with Celiac disease?

A

Gliadin

17
Q

True or False

Early detection is crucial of colon cancer because the development takes 10-15 years

A

True

18
Q

What are classified as gland-like growths that develop on the intestinal lining?

A

Polyps

19
Q

What is the term used for the system that DNA uses to recognize errors and repair those errors by deleting them?

A

DNA mismatch repair

20
Q

Increasing prevalence in younger populations (younger than 50) is true for?

A

Colon cancer

21
Q

What is one process that can after the normal expression of genes by expressing an incorrect gene or stopping the expression of a correct gene?

A

Hypermethylation

22
Q

In relation to incontinence, what occurs when the pudendal nerve is damaged?

A

If the internal anal sphincter opens, there is no control of the external anal sphincter and defecation occurs

23
Q

What is the involuntary release of fecal matter or inability to control defecation?

A

Incontinence

24
Q

True or False

Anorectal abscesses form as anal glands become obstructed due to infection

A

True

25
Q

What is a narrow tunnel or opening from the anal canal to the skin

A

Anal fistula

26
Q

What act like cushions to provide bulk to the anal canal and help control stool?

A

Hemorrhoids

27
Q

What is the flow of bile in order from beginning to end?

A

R/L hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Gall bladder
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Duodenum

28
Q

What is a small bowel obstruction that occurs when a gallstone moves into the small intestine?

A

Gallstone Ileus

29
Q

What rarely presents with initial symptoms , but symptoms may be jaundice and unexplained weight loss?

A

Pancreatic cancer

30
Q

True or False

Pancreatitis can only be acute

A

False can be chronic

31
Q

True or False

Chronic pancreatitis can result in malabsorption and impaired digestion

A

True

32
Q

How do pigmented gallstones form?

A

Excess bilirubin joins with calcium phosphate and hardens

33
Q

What types of hepatitis have vaccines available?

A

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B

34
Q

Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through serum semen, vaginal secretions, mucus, and tears and has an associated vaccine?

A

Hepatitis B

35
Q

What is Fibrosis and formation of nodules in the liver secondary to chronic injury?

A

Cirrhosis

36
Q

What does portal hypertension lead to patients with cirrhosis?

A

Increased pressure in the liver leads to diversion of blood away from the liver, which leads to build-up toxic substances like ammonia in the bloodstream

37
Q

Which type of hepatitis results from interaction between ethanol metabolism and causes necrosis or apoptosis of hepatocytes?

A

Alcohol hepatitis

38
Q

Which type of hepatitis is commonly transmitted via contaminated needles among IV drug users, sexual activities, blood transfusions organ transplantation and perinatally and does not have an associated vaccine?

A

Hepatitis C

Physiology Final (10 decks)

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