Digestive

Question 1

What medication can increase the risk of developing peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 1

NSAIDS

Question 2

What is often a cause of dumping syndrome?

Answer 2

Gastric bypass surgery

Question 3

What enzyme is usually elevated in patients who have PUD?

Answer 3

Pepsin

Question 4

What are three common causes of Colitis?

Answer 4

Infection
Ischemia
Radiation exposure

Question 5

What is developmental lactase deficiency?

Question 6

What is congenital lactase deficiency?

Answer 6

Absence of the lactase enzyme from an autosomal recessive inheritance

Question 7

What is secondary lactase deficiency?

Answer 7

Loss of lactase resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury to the intestinal mucosa

Question 8

What are diverticula?

Answer 8

Abnormal out-pouches of wall of the large intestine

Question 9

What can cause reduced blood flow and can result in death in people with inguinal hernias?

Answer 9

Incarceration

Question 10

What defect seen in ulcerative colitis typically leads to increased presence of pathogenic antigens in the lumen?

Answer 10

Epithelial barrier and tight junction defects

Question 11

True or False

Signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are bloody diarrhea, mucus discharge, and rectal tenesmus

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is characterized as an auto-immune disease causing intestinal inflammation and damage from gluten?

Answer 12

Celiac disease

Question 13

What layers of the intestine are generally affected by Celiac disease?

Answer 13

Mucosa

Question 14

What do we define as the relationship and two-way signaling between the CNS and the GI track

Answer 14

Brain-gut interaction

Question 15

What are the patchy-appearing inflamed wounds, seen with Crohn disease that are interspersed with healthy, normal areas of tissue called?

Answer 15

Skip lesions

Question 16

What is the peptide that is derived from gluten and often cause damage to the small intestine in individuals with Celiac disease?

Answer 16

Gliadin

Question 17

True or False

Early detection is crucial of colon cancer because the development takes 10-15 years

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are classified as gland-like growths that develop on the intestinal lining?

Answer 18

Polyps

Question 19

What is the term used for the system that DNA uses to recognize errors and repair those errors by deleting them?

Answer 19

DNA mismatch repair

Question 20

Increasing prevalence in younger populations (younger than 50) is true for?

Answer 20

Colon cancer

Question 21

What is one process that can after the normal expression of genes by expressing an incorrect gene or stopping the expression of a correct gene?

Answer 21

Hypermethylation

Question 22

In relation to incontinence, what occurs when the pudendal nerve is damaged?

Answer 22

If the internal anal sphincter opens, there is no control of the external anal sphincter and defecation occurs

Question 23

What is the involuntary release of fecal matter or inability to control defecation?

Answer 23

Incontinence

Question 24

True or False

Anorectal abscesses form as anal glands become obstructed due to infection

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is a narrow tunnel or opening from the anal canal to the skin

Answer 25

Anal fistula

Question 26

What act like cushions to provide bulk to the anal canal and help control stool?

Answer 26

Hemorrhoids

Question 27

What is the flow of bile in order from beginning to end?

Answer 27

R/L hepatic ducts Common hepatic duct Cystic duct Gall bladder Cystic duct Common bile duct Duodenum

Question 28

What is a small bowel obstruction that occurs when a gallstone moves into the small intestine?

Answer 28

Gallstone Ileus

Question 29

What rarely presents with initial symptoms , but symptoms may be jaundice and unexplained weight loss?

Answer 29

Pancreatic cancer

Question 30

True or False Pancreatitis can only be acute

Answer 30

False can be chronic

Question 31

True or False Chronic pancreatitis can result in malabsorption and impaired digestion

Answer 31

True

Question 32

How do pigmented gallstones form?

Answer 32

Excess bilirubin joins with calcium phosphate and hardens

Question 33

What types of hepatitis have vaccines available?

Answer 33

Hepatitis A Hepatitis B

Question 34

Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through serum semen, vaginal secretions, mucus, and tears and has an associated vaccine?

Answer 34

Hepatitis B

Question 35

What is Fibrosis and formation of nodules in the liver secondary to chronic injury?

Answer 35

Cirrhosis

Question 36

What does portal hypertension lead to patients with cirrhosis?

Answer 36

Increased pressure in the liver leads to diversion of blood away from the liver, which leads to build-up toxic substances like ammonia in the bloodstream

Question 37

Which type of hepatitis results from interaction between ethanol metabolism and causes necrosis or apoptosis of hepatocytes?

Answer 37

Alcohol hepatitis

Question 38

Which type of hepatitis is commonly transmitted via contaminated needles among IV drug users, sexual activities, blood transfusions organ transplantation and perinatally and does not have an associated vaccine?

Answer 38

Hepatitis C