Digestive Flashcards
What medication can increase the risk of developing peptic ulcer disease?
NSAIDS
What is often a cause of dumping syndrome?
Gastric bypass surgery
What enzyme is usually elevated in patients who have PUD?
Pepsin
What are three common causes of Colitis?
Infection
Ischemia
Radiation exposure
What is developmental lactase deficiency?
What is congenital lactase deficiency?
Absence of the lactase enzyme from an autosomal recessive inheritance
What is secondary lactase deficiency?
Loss of lactase resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury to the intestinal mucosa
What are diverticula?
Abnormal out-pouches of wall of the large intestine
What can cause reduced blood flow and can result in death in people with inguinal hernias?
Incarceration
What defect seen in ulcerative colitis typically leads to increased presence of pathogenic antigens in the lumen?
Epithelial barrier and tight junction defects
True or False
Signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are bloody diarrhea, mucus discharge, and rectal tenesmus
True
What is characterized as an auto-immune disease causing intestinal inflammation and damage from gluten?
Celiac disease
What layers of the intestine are generally affected by Celiac disease?
Mucosa
What do we define as the relationship and two-way signaling between the CNS and the GI track
Brain-gut interaction
What are the patchy-appearing inflamed wounds, seen with Crohn disease that are interspersed with healthy, normal areas of tissue called?
Skip lesions
What is the peptide that is derived from gluten and often cause damage to the small intestine in individuals with Celiac disease?
Gliadin
True or False
Early detection is crucial of colon cancer because the development takes 10-15 years
True
What are classified as gland-like growths that develop on the intestinal lining?
Polyps
What is the term used for the system that DNA uses to recognize errors and repair those errors by deleting them?
DNA mismatch repair
Increasing prevalence in younger populations (younger than 50) is true for?
Colon cancer
What is one process that can after the normal expression of genes by expressing an incorrect gene or stopping the expression of a correct gene?
Hypermethylation
In relation to incontinence, what occurs when the pudendal nerve is damaged?
If the internal anal sphincter opens, there is no control of the external anal sphincter and defecation occurs
What is the involuntary release of fecal matter or inability to control defecation?
Incontinence
True or False
Anorectal abscesses form as anal glands become obstructed due to infection
True
What is a narrow tunnel or opening from the anal canal to the skin
Anal fistula
What act like cushions to provide bulk to the anal canal and help control stool?
Hemorrhoids
What is the flow of bile in order from beginning to end?
R/L hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Gall bladder
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Duodenum
What is a small bowel obstruction that occurs when a gallstone moves into the small intestine?
Gallstone Ileus
What rarely presents with initial symptoms , but symptoms may be jaundice and unexplained weight loss?
Pancreatic cancer
True or False
Pancreatitis can only be acute
False can be chronic
True or False
Chronic pancreatitis can result in malabsorption and impaired digestion
True
How do pigmented gallstones form?
Excess bilirubin joins with calcium phosphate and hardens
What types of hepatitis have vaccines available?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through serum semen, vaginal secretions, mucus, and tears and has an associated vaccine?
Hepatitis B
What is Fibrosis and formation of nodules in the liver secondary to chronic injury?
Cirrhosis
What does portal hypertension lead to patients with cirrhosis?
Increased pressure in the liver leads to diversion of blood away from the liver, which leads to build-up toxic substances like ammonia in the bloodstream
Which type of hepatitis results from interaction between ethanol metabolism and causes necrosis or apoptosis of hepatocytes?
Alcohol hepatitis
Which type of hepatitis is commonly transmitted via contaminated needles among IV drug users, sexual activities, blood transfusions organ transplantation and perinatally and does not have an associated vaccine?
Hepatitis C
