Reproduction in plants

Question 1

what are the differences and similarities between sexual and asexual reproductions (4)

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction has only one parent - no gametes are produced
Asexual - only mitosis takes place (no gametes are made)
Sexual - both meiosis and mitosis take place (gametes are made)
Asexual repro - no fertilisation takes place (no fusion of gametes)
Sexual reproduction - fertilisation takes place (fusion of gametes)
In sexual reproduction, there is genetic variation

Question 2

what are gametes

Answer 2

Gametes = sex cells

Question 3

what are the advantages in genetic variation

Answer 3

Genetic variation:
Advantage in a changing environment as it allows for adaptations to new threats

Question 4

what are the disadvantages in genetic variation

Answer 4

Disadvantage in a stable environment as some individuals may develop a phenotype that puts them at disadvantage

Question 5

what are some examples of asexual reproduction in plants

Answer 5

Bulbs, runners and tubers are examples of asexual reproduction

Question 6

what us a bulb

Answer 6

is an underground storage organ made up of a short stem surrounded by fleshy leaves, which store nutrients.

Question 7

what is a tuber

Answer 7

tuber is a thickened, underground part of a stem or root that stores nutrients and can grow into a new plant.

Question 8

what is a runner

Answer 8

A runner is a long, horizontal stem that grows along the soil surface, producing new plants at nodes.

Question 9

what are cuttings

Answer 9

Cuttings = take a healthy part of the plant including the stem with a few leaves attached - when replanted this grows its own roots

Question 10

what is meristem

Answer 10

Meristem = the plant’s stem cells - these can differentiate into any type of cells

Question 11

give example of bulb

Answer 11

Example: Onion

Question 12

give an example of a tuber

Answer 12

Example: Potato.

Question 13

give example of runner use

Answer 13

Example: Strawberry.

Question 14

Label the insect-pollinated flower (search in chat with tutor)

Answer 14

Mark insect-pollinated (Pg-176 of textbook)

Question 15

where are male gametes

Answer 15

Male gametes for a plant are in the pollen grains

Question 16

where are female gametes

Answer 16

Female gametes are in the Ova

Question 17

what is pollination

Answer 17

Pollination = the process of taking the

Question 18

what is he flowchatr for pollination

Answer 18

male gametes to the female gametes
Pollination –> Fertilisation –> Seed Formation –> Seed is enclosed in a fruit

Question 19

whre are pollen grains produced

Answer 19

Pollen grains are produced in the anthers of the stamens (think staMEN so male gamete)

Question 20

what is self pollination

Answer 20

Self-pollination = same pollen from the same plant fertilises the same ova from that plant

Question 21

what is cross pollination

Answer 21

Cross-pollination = pollen grains fertilise the ova from a DIFFERENT plant

Question 22

hw can cross pollination occur

Answer 22

Cross-pollination can occur via insect-pollination and wind-pollination

Question 23

what are the adaptions for an insect pollinated plant (5)

Answer 23

insect pollinated
Bright colored petals
Big petals
stigma is enclosed so insect must make contact
nectaries as a reward for insects
pollen grains are spikey to lach onto insect

Question 24

what are the adaptions for an wind pollinated plant (4)

Answer 24

wind pollinated
green petals
small petals
feathery stigma to catch pollen
stigma is exposed outside
pollen grains are smooth for aerodinamics

Question 25

what is the flowchart for fertilisation in a plant

Answer 25

The pollen lands on the stigma via cross/insect pollination -----> the pollen grain makes a pollen tube down the style to the ovaries -----> pollen grain nucleus moves to the tip of the tube --> the pollen grain fertilised the egg in the ovaries---->the fertilised egg becomes a seed------> the ovaries and surrounding tissue become a fruit

Question 26

what does a plant zygote become

Answer 26

A zygote becomes an embryonic plant

Question 27

what is this embryonic plant adapted with (2)

Answer 27

This embryonic plant has a small root and shoot Small root= radicle Small shoot = plumule

Question 28

what do other parts of the ovule develop into

Answer 28

Other parts of the ovule develop into a food store for when the seed germinates

Question 29

what does the ovules wall become (3)

Answer 29

The ovule’s wall becomes the wall of the seed This is called testa This wall also becomes the fruit coat