Endocrine System Flashcards
what is the endocrine system and its functions
Endocrine system = hormone system
Endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine
Exocrine system secretes hormones into ducts
Endocrine system Made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
what is a hormone
Hormone = Chemical messenger
How do hormones function
Once it is secreted directly into the bloodstream, the blood takes it to its target organ
This target organ has receptors on its surface
The hormone binds to these receptors, triggering a response in the cells
Compared to the nervous system, hormones are a lot slower, but have longer-lasting effects
Give examples of rapid hormones
Examples of rapid hormones are:
Adrenaline
Insulin
Give examples of slow hormones
Examples of slow hormones are:
.1. Sex hormones
2. Growth hormones
what is the pituitary gland
All the endocrine glands in the body are controlled by the master gland - the pSituitary gland
The pituitary gland is located in the hypothalamus
how do some hormones differ from others relating to their effect
Some hormones affect the body directly (ADH in the kidneys), but some hormones affect the release of other hormones (FSH stimulates the production of oestrogen)
what is glucose
glucose = a monosaccharide used in respiration
what are the symptoms of glucose and why
a symptom of glucose is thirst because high blood glucose triggers the receptors in the hypothalamus, which makes you want to drink water to dilute the blood in an attempt to decrease the blood glucose concentration
how can people detect their blood glucose
sometimes when a person’s blood has too much glucose, it goes into the urine, which can be detected in a urine dipstick test
people with diabetes can use a strip and sensor to test their blood glucose concentration
what is glycogen
glycogen = a storage carbohydrate (a polymer of glucose) found in the liver and muscles
what is glucagon
glucagon = a hormone that stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose - when glucose is gone, glucaGON is released
where is insulin and glucagon produces in the pacreas
Cells in the pancreas, in the area called the Islets of Langerhan, produce insulin and glucagon
what does insulin do
Insulin:
stimulates the movement of glucose from the blood, into cells, where it’s used
stimulates the conversion of soluble glucose into insoluble glycogen
insulin controls the storage of it in the liver and muscles
All of these reduces the BLOOD glucose concentration
what does glucagon do
When glucose is too low, glucagon is released
Glucagon:
1.Stimulates the liver and muscles to break down glycogen into glucose, maintaining sugar levels
Receptors in the pancreas use the blood glucose concentration to keep it stable by switching between both of these hormones
what does thyroxine do
Thyroxine = controls the body’s metabolic rate
what does FSH do
FSH = stimulates the maturation of eggs, and stimulates oestrogen production
what does LH do
LH = stimulates ovulation and in men stimulates testosterone production
what does Oestrogen do
Oestrogen = stimulates the thickening of uterine wall lining
what does Progesterone do
Progesterone = maintains the lining of the uterus and regulates the menstrual cycle
how does the pancreas use negative feedback to maintain the blood sugar levels
Receptors in the pancreas use the blood glucose concentration to keep it stable by switching between both of these hormones, insuline and glucagon
what is type 1 diabetes and what age range does it effect most
Type 1 diabetes mostly occurs in younger people and children
There is genetic component to it
Type 1 diabetes = when your pancreas doesn’t produce any/enough insulin, and so blood glucose concentration isn’t controlled
what are the symptoms of low insulin (2)
Without insulin:
glucose can’t enter your cells –> you can’t respire as much so you lack energy and feel very tired
you break down fat and protein so you lose weight
