Digestive System Flashcards
list the 3 nutrients and teir enzymes, 2 for each except lipids, and list their break down products and there enzymes, if any
Carbs - Carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into starch:
Amylase - starch into maltose - saliva and small intestine
maltase - maltose into glucose - small intestine
Protein - Protease breaks down protein into amino acids
Pepsinogen - protein into peptide - stomach
Trypsin - protein into peptide - small intestine
Peptidases - peptides into amino acids - small intestine
Lipids - Lipases break down lipids into fatty acids and triglycerides in the small intestines
Do all nutrients get absorbed through the blood, and if not then where does the nutrient which is left out, go
Fat digestion products and droplets of fat go into tiny tubes called lacteals instead of the blood capillaries
These lacteals take these products into the lymph system
what are carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body’s main fuel –> as glucose is used in respiration to release energy they are a polymer of glucose
What is glucose
Glucose is found in sugary foods - monosaccharide
What is fructose
Fructose - found in fruits - monosaccharide
What is lactose
Lactose - found in milk - disaccharide
what is digestion
Digestion = the breakdown of large insoluble molecules, to smaller soluble molecules
what is sucrose
Sucrose - what we use as ‘sugar’ in our day to day - table sugar - disacharide
what is starch
Starch = a polymer of glucose
Starch is large, and insoluble, making it a good storage molecule of glucose (in plants)
what is the storage molecule for in animals and plants
The storage molecule for glucose in animals is glycogen and for plants is starch
what is cellulose and what is it used for, and how does it aid in digestion
Cellulose is another sugar polymer - makes up the cell wall in plants
Cellulose acts as fibre - it makes the food in our gut a bit harder, and so easier to push the contents of the intestines through it
what are lipids
Lipids are found in dairy products (cheese, butter, milk), meat, oily fish
they are fat molecules made of fatty acids and glycerol
what is cholesterol and its effects in the body
Cholesterol is a type of unsaturated fat - it can build up in blood vessels and reduce blood flow or become an outright blockage stopping blood flow altogether
what is the difference between the elements in carbs, lipids and proteins
Unlike carbohydrates and lipids ( where they only have C, H, O), proteins have C,H,O AND nitrogen
what is kwashiokor
A protein-deficiency seen in low income countries - Kwashiorkor disease (ribcage seen with big pot bellies)
what is the role of proteins in the body
In the bodies, enzymes and hormones are both proteins
The shape of proteins (like in enzymes) are very very important for their function
proteins also are for growth, muscle etc
what is iron for in the body and whats it found in
Iron is found in red meat, eggs, liver, spinach
its function is to produce haemoglobin
what is phosphorus for in the body and whats it found in
Phosphorus is very closely linked with calcium - it is needed for bomes and teeth
what is sodium for in the body and whats it found in
Sodium and chlorine - need it for the body fluids - (like blood), to keep the concentration levels
what is magnesium for in the body and whats it found in
Magnesium - found in green vegetables - needed to make bones
Rickets -
what is rickets
Rickets - vitamin D deficiency
what is vitamin As function and defieciency effects
Vitamin A deficiency = night blindness
Vitamin A = needed for the production of a light sensitive pigment
what is vitamin Cs function and defieciency effects
Vitamin C = scurvy - bleeding around the body that doesn’t heal - bleeding gums is the most common
Vitamin C function = it helps cells stick together in connective tissues
what is vitamin B1 function and defieciency effects
b1 is thiamine, deficiency leads to beri beri disease which is a neurological disorder
