Digestive System

Question 1

list the 3 nutrients and teir enzymes, 2 for each except lipids, and list their break down products and there enzymes, if any

Answer 1

Carbs - Carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into starch:
Amylase - starch into maltose - saliva and small intestine
maltase - maltose into glucose - small intestine
Protein - Protease breaks down protein into amino acids
Pepsinogen - protein into peptide - stomach

Trypsin - protein into peptide - small intestine

Peptidases - peptides into amino acids - small intestine

Lipids - Lipases break down lipids into fatty acids and triglycerides in the small intestines

Question 1

Do all nutrients get absorbed through the blood, and if not then where does the nutrient which is left out, go

Answer 1

Fat digestion products and droplets of fat go into tiny tubes called lacteals instead of the blood capillaries

These lacteals take these products into the lymph system

Question 2

what are carbohydrates

Answer 2

Carbohydrates are the body’s main fuel –> as glucose is used in respiration to release energy they are a polymer of glucose

Question 3

What is glucose

Answer 3

Glucose is found in sugary foods - monosaccharide

Question 4

What is fructose

Answer 4

Fructose - found in fruits - monosaccharide

Question 5

What is lactose

Answer 5

Lactose - found in milk - disaccharide

Question 6

what is digestion

Answer 6

Digestion = the breakdown of large insoluble molecules, to smaller soluble molecules

Question 7

what is sucrose

Answer 7

Sucrose - what we use as ‘sugar’ in our day to day - table sugar - disacharide

Question 8

what is starch

Answer 8

Starch = a polymer of glucose
Starch is large, and insoluble, making it a good storage molecule of glucose (in plants)

Question 9

what is the storage molecule for in animals and plants

Answer 9

The storage molecule for glucose in animals is glycogen and for plants is starch

Question 10

what is cellulose and what is it used for, and how does it aid in digestion

Answer 10

Cellulose is another sugar polymer - makes up the cell wall in plants
Cellulose acts as fibre - it makes the food in our gut a bit harder, and so easier to push the contents of the intestines through it

Question 11

what are lipids

Answer 11

Lipids are found in dairy products (cheese, butter, milk), meat, oily fish
they are fat molecules made of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 12

what is cholesterol and its effects in the body

Answer 12

Cholesterol is a type of unsaturated fat - it can build up in blood vessels and reduce blood flow or become an outright blockage stopping blood flow altogether

Question 13

what is the difference between the elements in carbs, lipids and proteins

Answer 13

Unlike carbohydrates and lipids ( where they only have C, H, O), proteins have C,H,O AND nitrogen

Question 14

what is kwashiokor

Answer 14

A protein-deficiency seen in low income countries - Kwashiorkor disease (ribcage seen with big pot bellies)

Question 15

what is the role of proteins in the body

Answer 15

In the bodies, enzymes and hormones are both proteins
The shape of proteins (like in enzymes) are very very important for their function
proteins also are for growth, muscle etc

Question 16

what is iron for in the body and whats it found in

Answer 16

Iron is found in red meat, eggs, liver, spinach
its function is to produce haemoglobin

Question 17

what is phosphorus for in the body and whats it found in

Answer 17

Phosphorus is very closely linked with calcium - it is needed for bomes and teeth

Question 18

what is sodium for in the body and whats it found in

Answer 18

Sodium and chlorine - need it for the body fluids - (like blood), to keep the concentration levels

Question 19

what is magnesium for in the body and whats it found in

Answer 19

Magnesium - found in green vegetables - needed to make bones
Rickets -

Question 20

what is rickets

Answer 20

Rickets - vitamin D deficiency

Question 21

what is vitamin As function and defieciency effects

Answer 21

Vitamin A deficiency = night blindness
Vitamin A = needed for the production of a light sensitive pigment

Question 22

what is vitamin Cs function and defieciency effects

Answer 22

Vitamin C = scurvy - bleeding around the body that doesn’t heal - bleeding gums is the most common
Vitamin C function = it helps cells stick together in connective tissues

Question 23

what is vitamin B1 function and defieciency effects

Answer 23

b1 is thiamine, deficiency leads to beri beri disease which is a neurological disorder

Question 24

what is vitamin b2 function and defieciency effects

Answer 24

stunded growth and dry skin

Question 25

what is vitamin B3 function and defieciency effects

Answer 25

digestive disorders, dry red skin