Reproduction, Fertility & Contraception Flashcards
What is the female hormone that controls the release of the egg called?
Oestrogen
What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is where the male and female nuclei fuse together.
What is implantation?
Implantation is where the the ball of cells fuse with the thick lining of the uterus.
Describe some of the changes that occur at puberty.
Penis and testes enlarge 🚝 Growth spurt 🚝 Voice breaks 🚝 Menstruation begins 🚝 Breast develop 🚝 Hair grows on face, armpits and pubic regions 🚝 Body shape becomes more rounded
Sperm and egg cells are haploid cells. What does this mean?
It means that they have only half the number of chromosomes that normal cells have.
List some of the things that the fetus gets from its mother’s blood.
🚝 Energy 🚝 Carbohydrates, fats and especially proteins 🚝 Minerals especially iron and calcium 🚝 All vitamins including folic acid 🚝 Water on fibre
The sum of the advantages that breastmilk has over bottled milk.
🚝 It contains antibodies produced by the mother which protects the baby from infections straight after birth
🚝 It contains the correct proportion of nutrients
🚝 It is that the correct temperature
🚝 It is cheaper
What is colostrum?
Colostrum is the first milk produced after the baby is born and it is particularly rich in nutrients.
Describe the two types of twins.
Non identical - went to eggs are released and fertilised.
Identical - when a fertilised egg splits into and each develops into a baby.
List the three main methods of contraception.
🚝 Mechanical (barrier) - this prevents the egg and sperm from meeting
🚝 Chemical - interferes with the hormonal cycle
🚝 Surgical - permanent method of birth control
What are the main causes of infertility in females?
🚝 The oviduct may be blocked for twisted
🚝 The ovaries making tea and over
🚝 The lining of the uterus may not develop properly and will prevent implantation
🚝 The female may produce antibodies to the sperm
