Reproduction Endocrinology Flashcards
1
Q
What hormones are produced by the hypothalamic nuclei?
A
- GnRH
- TRH
- CRH
2
Q
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?
A
- Gonadotropins –> FSH, LH, prolactin
3
Q
What hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary?
A
Oxytocin
4
Q
What hormone is a peptide? Glycoprotein? Steroid? Prostaglandin?
A
- Peptide –> GnRH
- Glycoprotein –> FSH, LH, inhibin
- Steroids –> progesterone, testosterone, estradiol
- Prostaglandins –> PFG2a, PGE2
5
Q
Where do protein hormones bind to? Steroid hormones?
A
- protein bind to plasma membrane bound receptors
- Steroid bind to specific nuclear receptors
6
Q
What is a simple neural reflex?
A
- Employs nerves that release simple neurotransmitters directly onto target tissue
7
Q
What is a neuroendocrine reflex?
A
- Requires a neurohormone
(released by a neuron) to enter blood and act on
remote target tissue
8
Q
What are some characteristics of reproductive hormones?
A
▪ Act in small quantities ▪ Possess short half-lives ▪ Bind specific receptors ▪ Can cause release of other hormones ▪ Can stimulate the gonads ▪ Can cause sexual promotion (i.e.-steroids) ▪ Can help maintain pregnancy ▪ Luteolysis
9
Q
What are the functions of pheromones?
A
- They influence the onset of puberty in small ruminants and pigs
- Signal to males which females are in heat
10
Q
What factors indicate the strength of a hormone?
A
- Pattern and duration of secretion
- T 1/2
- Receptor density
- Receptor-hormone affinity
11
Q
How can hormones be metabolized or inactivated?
A
- steroids metabolized in liver and excreted in urine and feces –> use urine for PEDs
- fun fact hCG is used for pregnancy tests
12
Q
What is estrus?
A
period of sexual receptivity?
AKA heat
13
Q
What is estrous?
A
- (an adjective) –> length of estrous cycle in an animal
14
Q
What is the estrous cycle?
A
- Period between one estrus and the next
15
Q
What is anestrus?
A
- When the animal is not cycling
