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Theriogenology > Bovine Infectious Infertility and Abortion > Flashcards

Bovine Infectious Infertility and Abortion Flashcards

1
Q

What is early embryonic death?

A

Fetal death less than 8 weeks

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2
Q

What is abortion?

A

Fetal death between 42/56 and 260 days of gestation

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3
Q

What is a stillbirth?

A

Fetal death greater than 260 days

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4
Q

Intervention level is what percentage of a herd?

A

5%

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5
Q

Where do you find Listeria monocytogenes?

A
  • Rotting hay and improperly stored silage
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6
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Listeria?

A

▪ Ingestion replication in monocyte-mac placenta placentitis and fetal septicemia
abortion
▪ Predilection for fetoplacental tissues
▪ Fetuses are usually retained in utero for a few days and undergo severe autolysis

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of Listeria?

A

▪ Causes abortion in last trimester
▪ One of few causes of abortion in cattle that you actually see sick infected cows, before, during,
and after abortion
▪ Encephalitis and neonatal disease

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8
Q

Where part of the cow does campylobacter foetus veneralis infect?

A

Genitalia

** also called Vibrio**

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9
Q

What Campylobacters are not transmitted venereally but cause sporadic abortions in cattle?

A

▪ C. fetus fetus
▪ C. fetus jejuni
▪ GI tract inhabitants

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10
Q

How is C. foetus veneralis transmitted?

A

▪ Coitus colonizes in vagina and cervix uterus and oviducts  infection  EED
▪ Conception is not affected
▪ Can also be transmitted through fomites
▪ AI equipment
▪ Embryo equipmen

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11
Q

How do you diagnose C foetus veneralis?

A 
▪ Primary = delayed return to estrus
▪ Rarely observed= vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis
▪ Less than 10% abort fetus
▪ 4 to 6 months
▪ Bulls- none
▪ Clark’s media
▪ Preputial scrapings
▪ Vaginal mucus
▪ Fetal abomasum contents, placenta
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12
Q

How do you treat C foetus veneralis?

A

▪ Treatment
▪ Cull bulls
▪ Cow usually clears in 3 to 6 months

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13
Q

How do you control C foetus veneralis?

A 
▪ AI
▪ Use Camp negative bulls
▪ Vaccines-
▪ Vaccinate cows before breeding season
▪ 2 inj. 2-4 wks apart such that last injection is given 2 wks before breeding season
▪ Annual booster
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14
Q

Where does Tritrichomonas foetus reside?

A

▪ Primarily preputial crypts
▪ Older bulls inc. #’s
▪ Vagina or uterus

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15
Q

How is Tritrichomonas foetus transmitted?

A 
▪ Coitus transmitted to female establish infection in vagina and progress to
uterus
▪ Does not prevent conception
▪ Causes fetal loss
▪ Usually EED
▪ Bulls are primary reservoirs
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16
Q

How is tritrichomonas foetus diagnosed?

A 
▪ Herd history
▪ Reverse stair step
▪ Gradual increase in herd infertility
▪ Apparent conception then return to heats 60-90 d postservice
▪ Prolonged interestrus intervals
▪ Early abortions
▪ Often unobserved
▪ Abortions rarely past 150 days
▪ Postcoital pyometra*
▪ Samples (cont.)
▪ Preputial wash:
▪ Pipette with aspiration
▪ Samples go into Diamond’s media or InPouch
▪ Cultured and sent to lab for observation of protozoa
17
Q

How do you treat Tritrichomonas foetus?

A

▪ Use only culture negative or bulls less than 4 yrs old
▪ Test and cull bulls
▪ Use AI
▪ Sexual rest for cows for min. 3 cycles- breed to uninfected bulls
▪ Quarantine or divide herd
▪ Vaccines- TrichGuard- doesn’t prevent dz- shortens recovery interval

18
Q

How is Neospora caninum transmitted?

A

▪ Dogs are definitive host
▪ Ingestion of dog/coyote feces
▪ Primarily transmitted vertically

19
Q

How does it affect the dam? The calves?

A

▪ No clinical disease in dam

▪ Infected calves are normal, weak or aborted

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Neospora caninum?

A

▪ Abortion 3rd trimester, cow not ill

▪ Abortions can occur anytime

21
Q

How do you diagnose Neospora caninum?

A

▪ IHC on fetal tissues and placenta
▪ Serologic testing
▪ Most positive cows pass dz to offspring (80%)
▪ Once a cow is positive, she stays positive

22
Q

How do you prevent/ control Neospora caninum?

A 
▪ Disrupt predator-prey life cycle
▪ Dispose carcasses/placentas quickly
▪ Store and serve feed water in way that prevents fecal contamination
▪ Select negative replacement heifers
▪ Vaccines are developing…
23
Q

What causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and what are its forms?

A 
– Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)
– Latency
– Venereal Form
• Rarely see abortions
• Infectious Pustular Vulvoganinitis and Balanoposthitis
• Most frequently diagnosed cause of viral
abortion in North America
• Airborne transmission possible
24
Q

How is infectious bovine rhinotracheitis transmitted?

A 
• Venereal form
– coitus
– Instruments
– semen
• Systemic
– Contracted from mucus membranes
– Virus shed in:
» Aborted fetus
» Respiratory
25
Q

What are the pathogenesis/ clinical signs of IBR?

A

– Systemic
• Naïve cow exposed virus replication fetal infection
abortion
• Abortion storms can occur with as many as 25-60% of cows
in herd aborting.
• Commonly abort between 4 and 8 months gestation
• Respiratory signs in cow +/-
• MLV can cause abortions
– Venereal
• Pustules, nodules, ulcers, erosions on vulva and penis

26
Q

How do you diagnose infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?

A 
• Lesions are suggestive
– Fetus
» Autolysed
» Foci of necrosis in liver and other organs
– IHC and microscopic exam confirms
» Intranuclear inclusion bodies
– FA used as well
27
Q

How do you treat infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?

A

• Venereal

– Lesions spontaneously resolve in 1 to 2 wks

28
Q

How do you control/ prevent IBR?

A

– Biosecurity
– Vaccination- follow manf.’s recc.
– AI – use negative semen

29
Q

What causes bovine viral diarrhea?

A

Bovine viral diarrhea virus!

30
Q

What two forms does BVD exist as?

A

Genotypes (1 and 2)

Biotypes (cytopathic and noncytopathic –> all persistently infected calves )

31
Q

What is the primary transmission of BVDV?

A

Vertical

Theriogenology (19 decks)

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