Development of the Female and Male

Question 1

What is the maturation of egg cell to hatched blastocysts?

Answer 1

Oocyte –> mature oocyte –> 2 cell zygote –> 8 cell zygote –> 16 cell zygote –> morula –> blastocyst –> hatching blastocyst –> hatched blastocyst

Question 2

What is a contact dependent signaling pathway?

Answer 2

A signaling cell attaches a membrane bound signal molecule to a target cell to specify the fate of the target cell

Question 3

What is a paracrine signaling pathway?

Answer 3

A signaling cell releases local mediators to target cells

Question 4

What is a synaptic signaling pathway?

Answer 4

A neuron releases neurotransmitter onto a target cell

Question 5

What is an endocrine signaling pathway?

Answer 5

An endocrine cell releases hormones through the blood stream

Question 6

What are some common signals that may be sent in signalling pathways?

Answer 6

Divide, survive, differentiate, die

Question 7

What structures will form from the endoderm?

Answer 7

SECONDARY CONCERNS: Digestive system, lungs, endocrine system, most glands

Question 8

What structures form from the mesoderm?

Answer 8

PRIMARY CONCERNS: gonads, uterus, cervix, cranial vagina, epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory sex glands
SECONDARY CONCERNS: Muscle, skeleton, cardiovascular, urinary system, blood vessels

Question 9

What structures form from the ectoderm?

Answer 9

PRIMARY CONCERNS: vagina and vestibule, penis and clitoris, mammary gland, nervous system, hypothalamus, pituitary gland (both lobes)
SECONDARY CONCERNS: oral/ nasal cavity, skin, hair, nails, sweat glands

Question 10

What is an embryo?

Answer 10

An organism in the early stages of development that has not acquired an anatomical form that is easily differentiated from other species

Question 11

What is a fetus?

Answer 11

Organism is now a recognizable species with placentation development

Question 12

Does organogenesis occur inside or outside the embryo?

Answer 12

Outside

Question 13

What is schistosomus reflexus?

Answer 13

A rare and fatal congenital disorder

Ruminants: Spinal inversion, Exposure of
abdominal viscera because of a fissure of
the ventral abdominal wall, Limb
ankylosis, positioning of the limbs adjacent
to the skull, Lung and Diaphragm
hypoplasia

Question 14

What are the first cells to pass the Sertoli cell barrier?

Answer 14

Secondary spermatocytes (first haploid) –> potential exam question

• This allows them to avoid immune cells so they aren’t destroyed