Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Other species > Reproduction and surgery > Flashcards

Reproduction and surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Rabbit kit feeding

A

Normally fed once daily, often at night

Doe will go out to graze

Stress or disturbance can lead to abandonment or infanticide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hand rearing rabbits and hares

A

Cat milk replacer ‘cimicat’

tend to have a guarded to poor prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unneutered behavioural problems in rabbits

A

Grumpy - split personality

territorial, hard to bond

biting and aggression

urine spraying

large dulap in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Advantages of neutering rabbits

A

reduces aggression (both sexes)

reduces risk of adenocarcinoma

allows true pair to be kept together

eliminates sexual frustration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disadvantages of neutering rabbits

A

Increases risk of obesity (if fed excessive concentrates)

reduces territory marking, so increasing filling of bladder and potential risk of cystitis/sludge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uterine adenocarcinoma in rabbits

A

Very common in unspayed females (>3yrs)

primary may be small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reproductive considerations in guinea pigs

A

Females may be pregnant when rehomed as hit puberty early

pelvis will fuse at 12mo at the latest

same sex groups can be kept together as long as there are none of the opposite sex around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pregnancy toxaemia in guinea pigs

A

Obese sows late pregnancy or post part.

prognosis very poor, drop in glucose and increase in ketone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs of pregnancy toxaemia in guinea pigs

A

Collapse
ketonuria
proteinuria
urinary pH acidic (normal for herbivore 8-8.5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for pregnancy toxaemia in guinea pigs

A

Warm fluids, oral glucose, corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abortion/caesareans in guinea pigs

A

common if litter are large

single young may be very large

breeding post the pelvis fusing will require caesarean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neutering guinea pigs

A

Herbivore abdomens can form adhesions

males have an open inguinal ring - scrotal or abdominal techniques

females may be spayed midline or flank, consider using haemoclips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Caesarean sections in chinchillas

A

always give birth in early hours of the day

single pups can be difficult

can get pregnancy toxaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gestation periods of small furries

A

Chinchillas>degus>guinea pigs> rabbits/other rodents

Chinchilla is 111 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neutering chinchillas

A

Often requested to prevent more litters

All rodents have an open inguinal ring

do not allow sand bath for several days post surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mammary tumours in small rodents

A

Usually benign in the rat

usually malignant in the mouse

hormonally driven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pyometra in small rodents

A

common in syrian hamsters

care to distinguish from normal ‘in season’ discharge - smell is different and the discharge is purulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ovaries and uterus in small rodents

A

cystic ovaries fairly common in female hamsters

fresh blood in the urine in rats and mice often indicates a uterine tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neutering small rodents

A

May be requested to prevent tumours

May be indicated to treat disease (ovarian/uterine)

may be indicated to reduce aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Control of oestrus in the ferret

A

Best option now: Suprelorin implant, lasts 2-3 years, avoids hyperadrenocorticism

Other options: jill jab- proligestone, vasectomised hob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vasectomy in ferrets

A

Easier in mature ferrets

take as long a section as possible and crush and tie off both ends

send of removed sections for histo to check

will bruise post surgery so need good pain relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sugar gliders reproductive anatomy

A

The female sugar glider has two uteri and two vaginas that enter into a common pouch divided by a septum or membrane. Female gliders possess a pouch with four teats where their babies develop. The gestation period, or length of pregnancy, is about 15-17 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Castration of sugar gliders

A

Complete ablation

Care re sutures and self mutilation

24
Q

Courtship behaviour in birds

A

Mutual feeding
mutual preening
nest building
calling

25
Q

Seasonal feather picking in birds

A

Normal to clear a ‘brood pouch’ on belly

Frustrated birds may carry on up onto chest and carpi

Birds may squat to be mated

26
Q

What to do if a bird is exhibiting behavioural changes related to reproduction

A

Provide a nest box

Nesting material if appropriate

give in to temporary behavioural changes

do not remove any eggs produced or replace with dummy eggs

27
Q

How to get bird ovaries to regress

A

Reduce photoperiod

reduce interaction with owner

reduce calorie density of diet

OR: suprelorin implant under isoflurane

28
Q

How long does a suprelorin implant last in a bird

A

3-12 months

29
Q

Egg/ovarian stasis in birds

A

Birds may present, fluffed up and on the cage floor

Secondary affects of straining: hernia, prolapse

Ovistasis can lead to: egg peritonitis, oedema, ovarian disease

30
Q

Egg lethargy/exhaustion in birds

A

Mainly noticed in birds of prey

1-2 days of inactivity and ‘depression’

nutritional and supplementary support

31
Q

Egg peritonitis signs in birds

A

Dull, anorexic

swollen abdomen

May or may not be a history of egg production

may have yolk like or purulent fluid in coelom on needle tap

32
Q

Treatment of egg peritonitis in pet birds

A

Antibiotics

support feeding if necessary

if coelom distended, draw off ascitic fluid

reduce photoperiod

reduce breeding stimuli

consider implant(suprelorin) or salpingohysterectomy

prognosis is very guarded

33
Q

Soft shelled eggs in birds

A

Often with first egg of the season

if it persists may be a dietary problem

remember the viruses

34
Q

Egg binding in birds

A

associated with hypocalcaemia/hypoglycaemia

mass in pelvis

prolonged season of egg laying (often eggs removed by owner

large or deformed egg

35
Q

Egg binding treatment

A

Confirm by radiography

Give calcium +/- calories (food)

in most cases the egg will be laid within 24 hours

oxytocin- can cause violent contractions and profound cardiac effects. egg normally passed very quickly

36
Q

Surgical treatment of egg binding

A

Implode egg and extraction per cloacam
- used if medical therapy hasn’t worked
- used if egg is adhered/stuck/too large

Coeliotomy (caesarean section)
- used if the oviduct is twisted or the egg too firmly adhered

37
Q

Prolapse in birds

A

Cloacal prolapse may be associated with egg production

Check for other causes

if only the cloaca is involved, the prognosis is better

lubricate, replace, purse string suture, medicate

38
Q

Neutering birds

A

Feasible in both sexes

Ovary very difficult to remove - salpingohysterectomy

High mortality rate 75%; high complication rate

39
Q

Suprelorin: desorelin implant in birds

A

GnRH agonist: at low levels inhibits production/release of LH/FSH

Used in birds to control continuous egg laying and male sexual behaviour/aggression

GA enables painless and careful placement of implant

Lasts 3-12 months

40
Q

Artificial incubation and hatching of reptiles

A

Bury eggs in sterile sand - DO NOT turn eggs

Don’t let humidity drop too far

Temperature according to sex requirements

Increase humidity for hatching

41
Q

Pre-ovulatory follicular stasis in tortoises

A

Diagnose using US and bloods

Treatment:
- medical management - oesophageal tube often used
- ovisalpingectomy

42
Q

Blood results of a tortoise with pre-ovulatory follicular stasis

A

High total protein
High cholesterol
High calcium

43
Q

Egg binding in tortoises

A

Confirm by radiography
- number of eggs
- size in relation to pelvis
- any deformed eggs

Give calcium before oxytocin

44
Q

Possible causes of cloacal prolapse in tortoises

A

Egg binding
Heavy worm burden
Protozoal infection: gut or bladder

45
Q

How to reduce a cloacal prolapse in tortoises

A

When placing sutures: remember cloaca is a slit, no suitable for purse string suture

46
Q

Phallus prolapse in tortoises

A

Replace and retain with suture, or amputate it depending on how long it has been out

47
Q

Egg binding in snakes

A

Diagnose by palpation and radiography

Treat with calcium then oxytocin

Some becomes surgical as they have been left too long

48
Q

Egg binding in lizards

A

Females often produce eggs, even with no male, if they are well fed and photoperiod appropriate

Ensure appropriate substrate/humidity

Treat with calcium than oxytocin, or surgery

Ensure the clutch is ready for laying, will be ok if left to check

49
Q

Phallus and cloacal prolapse in lizard and snake

A

Find the cause
Lubricate, replace, secure
If phallus - amputate

50
Q

Common reproductive problems in amphibians and fish

A

Ovistasis
Cloacal/rectal prolapse

51
Q

Choice of suture patterns

A

Internally: simple interrupted/transfixing
Muscle: simple continuous
Skin:
- mammals: simple continuous intradermal, simple interrupted, cruciate
- Birds: simple interrupted, cruciate
- reptiles: horizontal (parallel) mattress

52
Q

Rate of healing in soft tissue/skin in mammals

A

10-14 days

53
Q

Rate of healing in soft tissue/skin in birds

A

7-10 days

54
Q

Rate of healing in soft tissue/skin in reptiles

A

Soft tissue: 10-14 days
Skin: 1 month, secondary healing maybe longer

55
Q

Comparative rates of orthopaedic healing

A

Other species (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions