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Other rodents Flashcards

1
Q

What must chinchillas have?

A

Dust baths

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2
Q

Common problems in chinchillas (9)

A
  • ‘slobbers’ (malocclusion)
  • gastric dilation/GDV/colic
  • fur slip
  • fur ring
  • listeriosis
  • giardia
  • sudden death of fat chinchillas
  • barbering
  • seizures
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3
Q

‘Slobbers’/malocclusion in chinchillas

A

Weight loss, wet chin/forelimbs

Irregularities palpable along dental arcades

Normal that the basal plates change with age with pocket ends, abnormal if these become irregular and elongated

Examination needs to be conscious then under GA for full assessment (+/- radiography)

treatment often unsatisfactory, long term support, antibiotics/analgesics, vitamin C, calcium/D3 supplementation

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4
Q

Gastric dilation/GDV/colic in chinchillas

A

Often follows dietary change, but may be due to parasites, FBs, stress etc.

In guinea pigs it may be due to the weight of cystic ovaries

An emergency - more guarded prognosis than in rabbits

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5
Q

Fur slip in chinchillas

A

fur loss through careless handling

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6
Q

Fur ring in chinchillas

A

ring of fur caught around penis

need to extrude penis fully from prepuce to remove

if caught early it will recover

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7
Q

Listeriosis in chinchillas

A

Haemorrhagic enteritis, rectal prolapse, death

Zoonotic

Wild rodent contamination of food

Fluid replacement therapy, gut support, antibiotics

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8
Q

Giardia in chinchillas

A

Important if owner immunosuppressed

Diarrhoea is the main clinical sign

May get rectal prolapse

Treat same as in dogs

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9
Q

Sudden death of fat, ‘healthy’ chinchillas

A

Liver disease, hepatic lipidosis

High fat diet

Talk about diet if obese on clinical exam

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10
Q

Barbering in chinchillas

A

Lack of fibre in diet

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11
Q

Seizures in chinchillas

A

Often young animals

Calcium deficient diet

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12
Q

Common problems in degus (5)

A
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Tail slip
  • Dental disease
  • Wounds
  • Pododermatitis
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13
Q

Diabetes mellitus in degus

A

Genetic predisposition

Too much sugar in diet

Treat with dietary correction

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14
Q

Tail slip in degus

A

Poor handling or injury

Need treating fairly quickly, should be self limiting in terms of haemorrhage etc.

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15
Q

Dental disease in degus

A

If any resp disease keep this in mind

Predisposition for upper molars to grow up into nasal passages

Radiograph

Not much you can do about it

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16
Q

Wounds in degus

A

Fairly common

Fights, bite each other

BUT must still be kept in a colony

May need pain relief and/or topical treatment

Try not to split colony up

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17
Q

Pododermatitis in degus

A

More common than in guinea pigs

Inappropriate husbandry

Should not be kept in mesh cages

Correct husbandry, pain relief, antibiotics

18
Q

Difference between myomorphs and other rodents

A

Molars are not continuously growing in myomorphs, just the incisors

19
Q

Common problems seen in all myomorphs

A
  • overgrown incisors (can also get rotten teeth if diet too sugary)
  • lymphocytic choriomeningitis (not common in pets, but potentially zoonotic)
20
Q

Common problems in hamsters (8)

A
  • impacted pouches
  • everted pouches
  • skin conditions
  • proliferative ileitis (‘wet tail’)
  • pyometra
  • ‘hibernation’
  • hamster polyomavirus
  • urolithiasis
21
Q

Impacted pouches in hamsters

A

Often with inappropriate bedding materials

Often with inappropriate food items

May ferment and become infected

Treat by everting them, flush and clean, and put them back in

If infected give antibiotics/anti-fungals as needed

22
Q

Everted pouches

A

Trauma, infection, tumours

Emergency as it may bite it off if it is hanging out, may lead to hole into cheek or haemorrhage

Can be removed, tie off and cauterise, put stump back in

Warn owners it cant store food

23
Q

Skin conditions in hamsters

A

Idiopathic alopecia
- glandular areas on flanks
- glands are overproducing rather than an actual disease

Asymmetric flank alopecia
- mites, ivermectin spot on or SA advocate
- allergy, bedding related or disinfectant

Symmetric flank alopecia
- ovarian disease, spay
- hyperadrenocortical disease, supralorin implant

24
Q

Proliferative ileitis (‘wet tail’) in hamsters

A

post weaning stress induced scour

poor prognosis

needs intense antibiotics - doxycycline

food support and subcut fluids, keep warm

25
Q

Pyometra in hamsters

A

Sporadic occurrence in Syrian hamsters

oestrus every 4 days and mucoid discharge from vulva

almost always open

antibiotics and anti-inflammatories

may need to be spayed

26
Q

‘Hibernation’ in hamsters

A

Don’t want them to as it is stressful

low temperature

treat with gentle warmth and fluids etc.

27
Q

Hamster polyomavirus

A

Benign cutaneous tumours - may be multiple and large

Or multicentric lymphoma

Spread through urine

Treat with removal if individual, if not treatment will be a challenge

28
Q

Urolithiasis in hamsters

A

Haematuria, dysuria, soiling of the perineum

Diagnosis by radiography (dental plate)

Treatment
- Muscle relaxant (diazepam syrup)
- Increase fluid throughput (Ribena?)
- Antibiotics
- Urinary supplements and Vivitonin if indicated

29
Q

Common problems in gerbils and duprasi (5)

A
  • Otitis media/respiratory disease
  • Sebaceous gland adenoma
  • Nasal dermatitis
  • Tail degloving
  • Fits
30
Q

Otitis media/ respiratory disease in gerbils and duprasi

A

Caught from owner?

Beta-haemolytic streptococcus

Head tilt

31
Q

Sebaceous gland adenoma in gerbils and duprasi

A

Benign

May be metaplasia/hyperplasia

Scent marking gland on ventral abdomen

Remove the whole gland if possible as can recur

32
Q

Nasal dermatitis in gerbils and duprasi

A

Bar across the nose, bar chewing

If they have correct husbandry they should have other things to chew on

33
Q

Tail degloving gerbils and duprasi

A

Inappropriate handling

34
Q

Fits in gerbils and duprasi

A

Certain strains have genetic predispositions

Can try treatment, but often not that successful

35
Q

Common problems in rats and mice (6)

A
  • Wounds
  • mammary tumours
  • skin conditions
  • pin worm
  • respiratory disease in rats
  • pituitary gland neoplasia
36
Q

Wounds in rats and mice

A

ring tail
- low humidity
- clean, topical creams etc, need to be stopped from chewing tail

fighting or self inflicted with pruritis

rats: need thorough cleaning, potential surgical closure, self interference prevention

mice: may be very hard to get satisfactory outcome

37
Q

Mammary tumours in rats and mice

A

Mostly benign in rats, but often large and multiple

Repeated surgeries or early neutering
- Castration or ovariectomy/spaying before 5 months

Most tumours in rats are hormone driven

Tumours in mice are usually malignant

Main risks are self mutilation

38
Q

Skin conditions in rats and mice

A

Zimal’s gland neoplasia
- sebaceous gland at base of ear canal

Fur yellowing
- old male rats
- scaly skin and sebum

Bullying
- loss of whiskers and balding of face
- rats can get red discharge around eyes and nose

Fur mites
- Radfordia ensifora
- ivermectin/small cat advocate
- control bacterial infection
- control pain/pruritis

other external parasites
- Notoedres muris
- Sarcoptes
- Trixacarus
- Ringworm

39
Q

Pin worm in rats and mice

A

Self inflicted trauma to anus and perineum

Tape strip/faecal test to confirm

Ivermectin/Fenbendazole several times

40
Q

Respiratory disease in rats

A

most commonly mycoplasma

environmental triggers

antibiotics may help in first instance, but not relied on

can be ongoing respiratory noise

correct environment

nebulisation (salbutamol, dilute F10 solution, steroid inhaler, bisolvin)

41
Q

Pituitary gland neoplasia in rats

A

non-breeding females

overweight animals

signs due to raised intracranial pressure

often poor prognosis

corticosteroids first line of treatment

42
Q

Fluid therapy in rodents

A

Herbivores: 50-100ml/kg/24hrs
Omnivores: 50 ml/kg/24hours

Other species (20 decks)

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