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Other species > Practical feeding > Flashcards

Practical feeding Flashcards

1
Q

Feeding rabbits

A
  • crepuscular feeders
  • hind gut fermenters (pure vegetarians)
  • like to eat at dawn and dusk
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2
Q

Rabbit food

A
  • Hay, grazing, browsing
  • green vegetables
  • sometimes concentrates (small amount fed at night)
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3
Q

Types of rabbit food

A
  • Extruded pellets - best
  • alfalfa mix - can be sugary
  • cheap ‘museli’ mixes - high carb, upset gut flora, poor caecal flora, non-caecotrophy, soiled perineum prone to fly strike, dental disease
  • ‘breeder’ pellets
  • ‘treats’ often lead to obesity
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4
Q

Problems arising from poor diet in rabbits

A
  • incorrect Ca:P (osteodystrophy, dental disease, calciuria)
  • low fibre (poor gut motility, poor caecal flora, non-caecotrophy, dental disease)
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5
Q

What should Ca:P be in rabbits

A

1.5 - 2 : 1

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6
Q

How much concentrates should rabbits be given in food?

A

Don’t need any but can have up to 2-3% of BW per day

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7
Q

What greens should you give to rabbits?

A
  • not lettuce
  • not carrots daily as very sugary
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8
Q

Feeding guinea pigs

A
  • herbivorous
  • eat grass
  • require daily vit C
  • do not rely on in water supplementation only, or just vegetables
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9
Q

Vitamin C for guinea pigs

A

Require 10-30 mg/kg/24hrs

Disease may be seen within 14 days of starting a deficient diet

Requirement increases x2 or 3 in disease, growth, pregnancy, lactation, stress, etc

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10
Q

Correct feeding of guinea pigs

A

Grazing and/or hay
Concentrates adequately supplemented with vitamin C
+/- green vegetables
Avoid cheap mixes and very sugary treats

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11
Q

Problems arising from the incorrect feeding of guinea pigs

A

Lack of fibre
- Barbering
- Loose stools

Incorrect calcium ratios
- Renoliths and sludge
- Dental disease

Malocclusion
- Usually secondary to scurvy
- The lower teeth curve in and trap the tongue on the floor of the mouth

Scurvy (hypovitaminosis C)
- In young animals: joint swelling/pain
- Adults: malocclusion, poor wound healing, immunosuppression

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12
Q

Chinchillas

A
  • Mountain dwelling herbivores from South America
  • cannot tolerate more than 3% fat in diet
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13
Q

Correct diet of chinchillas

A

Hay
Good quality chinchilla pellets
Treats such as hard vegetables and fruit

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14
Q

Problems arising from the incorrect feeding of chinchillas

A

○ Dental disease
○ Oesteodystrophy
○ Hypocalcaemic fits
○ Greasy fur, scaly skin
○ Fatty liver disease
○ Paraphimosis
Colic/bloat

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15
Q

Degus

A
  • Octodon degus - a Hystricomorph rodent
  • True herbivores
  • Lives in colonies with burrow systems in south America (rabbit niche)
  • Commonly develops diabetes mellitus if fed diet too high in soluble carbohydrates
  • Pellets and hay
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16
Q

Rats and mice

A

Parasites of man
- Eat whatever we try to grow for ourselves, or what we leave behind
- Require/expect plenty of animal protein in their diet
- True omnivores

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17
Q

Hamsters and gerbils - what they eat in the wild

A
  • invertebrates
  • fresh vegetation
  • dry seeds
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18
Q

Commercial small mammal foods

A
  • Differ greatly in quality, with many being mixes
  • There are not some good pelleted foods available, though also some poor ones
  • Consider supplementing with seeds, fresh vegetables/fruit, insects, other protein source
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19
Q

Problems of incorrect feeding in rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils

A
  • Undersize
    • Poor skin/hair loss
    • Poor immune system and poor general health
      • Poor dentition
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20
Q

Ferrets

A
  • Descended from polecats, not to be confused with American Black Footed Ferret
  • Obligate carnivores
  • Ferocious and determined hunters
  • Kill and consume prey many times their own size
  • Originally working animals
  • A bit like cats
  • Feed complete tinned food, ideally not dry food (dental disease)
  • Carcases excellent for mental and dental health
21
Q

Feeding cage and aviary birds

A
  • Variety and stimulation (presentation)
  • No birds should be fed entirely on seed and nuts (predispose weight gain and obesity, and can reduce calcium intake), except macaws
  • Essential amino acids: lysine and methionine
  • Max 8% fat in diet except for the big macaws
  • Environmental enrichment
  • Parrots tend to be neotrophic once mature
22
Q

What do they sell in pet shops for birds?

A
  • Seed and sunflower/nut mixes (poorly nutritious)
  • Egg foods (high protein)
  • pelleted complete foods (good but boring)
  • speciality foods
  • supplements
  • cuttlefish bone
  • oysterfish grit
  • mineral grit
  • combined supplements
  • iodine blocks
23
Q

Feeding budgies

A

○ Seed mic (trill)/pelleted food
○ Egg based soft food
○ Calcium source
○ Iodine source (if not on trill) otherwise will get a goitre
○ Grit
○ Green food/fruit
Millet sprays

24
Q

Feeding cockatiels

A

○ Cockatiel or parakeet mix/pelleted food
○ Swap to budgie mix if birds become obese
○ Can be neophobic
○ Soft food
○ Calcium/grit
Fruit/green food

25
Q

Feeding canaries

A

○ Canary mix/pelleted food
○ Soft food
○ Green food/fruit
○ Grit, calcium source
Many canaries are fed a ‘colour food’ during the moult to enhance feather colour

26
Q

Feeding parrots

A

○ Most are mainly frugivorous
○ Diet varies according to habitat
○ No wild parrot eats dry sunflower seeds and peanuts
○ Max 8% fat (except large macaws)

27
Q

Why shouldn’t you feed parrot mix?

A

§ Generally a rubbish diet, but unfortunately almost universally fed
§ High in fat
§ Low in fibre
§ Low in calcium
§ Lack lysine and methionine
§ Low in EFAs
Low in fat soluble vitamins

28
Q

Complete extruded diets for parrots

A

§ One flavour, lots of colours
§ Good but dry and boring
§ Often not easy to convert birds to dry diets- takes time and patience
In essence a bit like feeding complete dog food, but to a more intelligent and discerning animal

29
Q

Home made fresh diets for parrots

A

§ Excellent if the owner understands teh composition needs
§ Include pulses, maize, fruit, and vegetables
§ May need supplementation - especially certain species
§ May need a protein source
Easy for young bird that’s a member of the family

30
Q

What not to feed parrots

A

§ Chocolate
§ Avocado - toxic to all birds
§ High fat foods
§ High salt foods
§ Caffeine
?human foods?

31
Q

Treats for parrots

A

Fermented milk products are fine - mix with fruit
Bones, chicken legs, insects
Man made treats and juices - may make giving medicines easier if trained with syringe of orange juice etc.

32
Q

Feeding lories and lorikeets

A
  • nectar +/- fruit
  • there are commercial nectar replacements
  • some owners do a mix of honey, ‘complan’, baby foods, sponge cake, etc.
33
Q

Feeding Mediterranean (tseudo) tortoises

A

5 main species

Herbivores (more or less)

Diet varies with the seasons in quantity and quality

There are very active animals, and have periods of rapid and nil growth during the year

Ideally adlib grazing

34
Q

What do wild tortoises eat in addition to grazing

A
  • flower petals
  • fallen fruit
  • occasionally invertebrates and carrion
35
Q

Food bad for tortoises to eat regularly

A
  • peas or beans
  • dog food
  • just tortoise pellets
  • lots of fruit

Too much protein and will cause issues

36
Q

What issues can too much protein cause for tortoises

A

Overgrown beaks and claws

Liver disease

Too rapid growth in young animals - shell abnormalities

Weakness/osteodystrophy

Hypovitaminosis A

37
Q

Feeding red-eared terrapins and other terrapins and turtles

A

Omnivorous (but practically carnivorous)

Pelleted foods are now excellent, but should not me exclusive

We used to see osteodystrophy, thiamine deficiency and hypovitaminosis A - on fresh and frozen meat diets

38
Q

Feeding common green iguana and other herbivores

A

Leaves, flowers, and fruit

Supplements

Full spectrum UK daylight fluorescent tube

Slow growth

Exercise

39
Q

Feeding omnivorous reptiles

A

Insects, flowers, and fruit and greens

Supplements

High sunlight requirement - full UV spectrum light

40
Q

Feeding insectivorous lizards

A

Dont eat greens

Commercial live food

Supplements (in date)

Some species like fruit/nectar

UV ‘daylight’ tube must be in date

41
Q

Feeding carnivorous reptiles

A

Low calorie, infrequent feeding

Lots of exercise

Full spectrum UV lights

Tegus etc.

42
Q

Locusts and crickets

A

The basis for most insectivore diets

Need gut loading and supplementation

Relatively expensive

Keratin on crickets can be tough

Can bite back! Dont just leave them in there

43
Q

Mealworms

A

Cheap

Can be fatty

Slow moving

Ca:P = 1:22

Gut load and supplement

44
Q

Feeding snakes

A

○ All are carnivorous (some just eggs)

○ If captive bred, will be used to and will feed on thawed out frozen rodents

○ Prefer a quiet environment with minimal vibration

○ Some are agoraphobic and neophobic

Will remember bad experiences and relate for future feeds

45
Q

Food for snakes

A

§ Choose appropriate sized feed item

§ Feed as much as the snake wants to eat at one sitting

§ Feed with supplements if using immature feed

§ Do not feed again until faeces ahs been passed

§ Feed each snake in separate containers

§ Some eat eggs, amphibians, and other reptiles

46
Q

Feeding taratulas

A
  • Commercial livefood (which moves)
  • Pinkie mice (need to be waved about)
47
Q

Feeding Giant African land snail

A
  • Fruit and veg
  • calcium source
48
Q

Stick insects

A
  • Indian stick insect - privet

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