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Other species > Ferrets > Flashcards

Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

Housing of ferrets

A

outdoors or indoors

solitary in wild but seem to enjoy company

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2
Q

Weights of ferrets

A

Jill 500-600g
Hob 1200-1500g

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3
Q

Smell of ferrets

A

Mainly from sebaceous glands, not anal sacs

Illegal to de-scent in UK

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4
Q

Infectious and parasitic diseases of ferrets (6)

A
  • canine distemper
  • influenza
  • aleutian disease
  • helicobacter mustelae
  • ectoparasites
  • endoparasites
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5
Q

Canine distemper in ferrets

A

pyrexia, chin rash, oculo-nasal discharge, collapse

survivors get hyperkeratosis

almost invariably fatal

vaccinate regularly (off-license)

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6
Q

Influenza in ferrets

A

Easily catch human influenza, and can give it to humans

Signs similar to canine distemper - but no chin rash or hyperkeratosis

But more of them recover

Supportive care if not eating/drinking etc.

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7
Q

Aleutian disease in ferrets

A

Parvovirus - but not CPV

Posterior paresis and melaena

Often responds to supportive Tx

Depends on the severity of the systems and the body’s own response

Confirm by serology or virus isolation

Rarely seen since the end of mink farming

Most ferrets recover, most mink die

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8
Q

Helicobacter mustelae in ferrets

A

Gastric ulceration mainly in young ferrets

Melaena, vomiting

Weight loss

Differentials re foreign bodies, tumours, gastroenteritis

Treatable with penicillins

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9
Q

Ectoparasites in ferrets

A

Otodectes cynotis (ear mites)
- flush and clean
- may need topic antiparasitic

Ctenocephalides felis
- treat household

Ixodes ricinus
- especially if going outside

Sarcoptes scabei var: canis
- intense pruritis
- alopecia

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10
Q

Endoparasites in ferrets

A

Toxocara cati

Toxascaris leonina

Didylidium caninum

Taeniae spp (not common)

Echniococcus multilocularis - QV PETS

Dirofilaria immitus - NOT UK

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11
Q

Parasiticides for ferrets

A

For oral wormers use cat tablets off license

Ensure ferret has been weighed

Licensed spot on therapies

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12
Q

Endocrine disease in ferrets (4)

A
  • oestrogen induced immunosuppression
  • hyperadrenocorticism
  • insulinoma
  • diabetes mellitus
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13
Q

Oestrogen induced immunosuppression in ferrets

A

They are reflex ovulators, must be mated to come out of oestrus

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14
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets

A

Really important!

Seen in neutered animals, so neutering no longer recommended

In females more than males, but in both

Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia

Pruritus

Vulval swelling

Strong link in neutered animals due to hormone feedback loops

Surgically remove affected adrenal, or use suprelorin implant

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15
Q

Insulinoma in ferrets

A

Very common

Dozy ferret, ataxic, floppy, not that interested in anything etc.

Glucometer reading under 3mmol/l

Very hard to see on ultrasound

Feed often, remove tumour surgically, use preds

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16
Q

Diabetes mellitus in ferrets

A

Very often dietary linked

Glucose over 20 mmol/l

17
Q

Splenomegaly in ferrets

A

Spleen is huge anyway

Problem if causing a problem or an abnormal shape

Common differentials are lymphoma or hyperplasia

FNA

Extramedullary haemopoiesis

Lymphadenitis tend to turn to lymphoma at some point

Can do a splenectomy- big effect on blood capacity and potentially immune system

18
Q

Lymphoma in ferrets

A

Commonest tumour after insulinoma and adrenal adenomas/adenocarcinomas

Lymphocyte count over 3.5 x 109 suggestive

Lymph nodes may be raised

Treatment is possible - chemotherapy/steroids

Catheter in jugular?

19
Q

Skin tumours in ferrets

A

Can see many types

Mast cell tumours are the most common - appear as pruritic scabby lesions

20
Q

Heart disease in ferrets

A

Often dilated cardiomyopathy in older ferrets

ACE inhibitors
§ Or pimobendan
§ Or digoxin/digitoxin (historically)

Take care with diuretics because ferrets are small and you can induce hypoproteinaemia

21
Q

Dental disease in ferrets

A

Similar to cats and dogs

Particularly if on wet food

Treat as with dogs/cats

Diet often contributes to tooth decay

22
Q

Castration and vasectomy in ferrets

A

Testes are intra-abdominal in the winter

Castration dramatically reduces the ferret smell

Vasectomy may be required by owners of working ferrets - brings females out of oestrus still so they dont need implants, but mating is aggressive (bite females) so can cause wounds/trauma

Consider implant

Send Vas deferens for histopathology to ensure the right things have been taken out, and gives assurance it has been done if they re-attach. Remove as long a bit as possible

23
Q

Spaying ferrets

A

Try to avoid it, unless owner insists or other reason

Broad ligament nearly always full of fat

Make a large enough midline incision to be sure you have all of both ovaries

But try to persuade owner to go with implant instead

24
Q

Abscesses in ferrets

A

Very common

Causes: fighting (don’t keep entire males together), foreign bodies (grass seeds etc.)

Give antibiotics for longer than you would a dog or cat

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