- Daylight hours on grass etc. - Need grass/insects, shelter (trees) - Dustbath

- Layers pellets - Grit ○ Mineral ○ Oystershell - Mixed corn- a treat! - Not kitchen scraps - Vegetables - Care with long grass - High producing hens need a calorie and protein rich diet to be optimally productive - Corn is yummy but low in protein

- Birds removed from cages or free range system at the end of period of lay - Physiologically exhausted - Poor bones - Few feathers - Never met enteric parasites - But vaccinated - NOTE: poultry tend to moult at the end of a period of lay

- Notifiable - Most birds affected/die - If in area: house birds - Holding of 50+: register - law maybe changing

Backyard poultry Flashcards by Josie Campbell

Traditional housing of poultry

Poultry house with run, or access to ‘free range’
Fixed or moveable
Overnight and laying accommodation only

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Ark and eglu for poultry

Not much space
Need moving regularly
Not much protection from weather or predators

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Aviary housing for poultry

Outdoor area is also enclosed so good for protection

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Free range poultry

Daylight hours on grass etc.
Need grass/insects, shelter (trees)
Dustbath

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Housing considerations for poultry

Perching: 25-30cm per laying bird
- Nest box (per 3-4 birds)
- Droppings board?
- Adequate insulation
- Adequate ventilation
- Protection from wild birds
- Protection from the elements

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Feeding poultry

A hen in lay (2kg) eats about 125g feed
Drinks 200ml water

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Food for poultry

Layers pellets
- Grit
  ○ Mineral
  ○ Oystershell
- Mixed corn- a treat!
- Not kitchen scraps
- Vegetables
- Care with long grass
- High producing hens need a calorie and protein
  rich diet to be optimally productive
  - Corn is yummy but low in protein

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‘Ex batts’

Birds removed from cages or free range system at the end of period of lay
- Physiologically exhausted
- Poor bones
- Few feathers
- Never met enteric parasites
- But vaccinated
- NOTE: poultry tend to moult at the end of a period of lay

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Parasite control for poultry

Internal parasites
○ Worms
§ Any age
○ Coccidiosis
§ Young birds
§ Ex-batts
External parasites
○ All birds, all the time
- Red mite
- Lice
- Scaly leg

Worm every 3-6 months

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Vaccinations for poultry

Marek’s
- Infectious bronchitis
- Newcastle disease
- Laryngotracheitis
- Fowl pox
- Salmonella
- Mycoplasma
- Coccidiosis

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How long do poultry feathers take to regrow?

5-6 weeks

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Mycoplasmosis in poultry

‘One eyed cold’
- Bubbly eyes
- Sinusitis
- Reduced appetite
- Miserable
- Sinus swelling
- Treat with: Tylosin
?Nutritional support

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Infectious bronchitis in poultry

Coronavirus
- (transient respiratory signs)
- Goes to shell gland
  - Advise culling

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Avian influenza

Notifiable
- Most birds affected/die
- If in area: house birds
  - Holding of 50+: register - law maybe changing

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Newcastle disease in poultry

Notifiable
- Vaccinated?
- Paramyxovirus
  - Sudden death/nervous signs/diarrhoea/respiratory signs

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ART (Avian rhinotracheitis)

Behaves as IBV, including the effect on the eggs

Note: all respiratory problems may be complicated by secondary bacterial infection

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‘Canker’ trichomoniasis in poultry

Cheesy deposit in oral cavity
- Usually infection from wild birds
- May be untreatable if too extensive
  - NB: banned drugs

Impacted crop in poultry

Owners have usually tried to clear it themselves
- Lubrication, massage, and flushing
- Ingluviotomy
  - Long grass, etc.

Sour crop, pendulous crop

candidiasis - treat with nystatin

recurring episodes may lead to loss of muscle tone

Coccidiosis in poultry

Often ex-batts
- Bird miserable, hunched
- D++ +/- blood
- ‘Baycox’ anticoccidial
- Environmental clean up
- Need long term control
  Coccidiostat?

Worms in poultry (4)

Ascarids
- Capillaria
- Heterakis
- (Syngamus)
  Worm regularly with ‘Flubenvet’

Salmonellosis in poultry

All commercial layers vaccinated
backyard layers may still be a risk

Egg peritonitis in poultry

Ovarian disease

coelomic fluid to full peritonitis

guarded to poor prognosis

Egg binding/malformed/soft shelled eggs in poultry

Ca deficiency

usually at start of laying season

infectious bronchitis

Cloacal prolapse in poultry

- True emergency - Think trauma, haemorrhage, infection, myasis - Identify cause ○ Parasites, ovarian disease, etc. - Surgery? Suprelorin implant?

Moulting in poultry

- Ex-batts poorly feathered to start with - Normal birds moult at the end of a period of lay - Prolonged moult suggests poor health

Feather picking in poultry

- External parasites - Pruritis (may pick self or neighbour) - Bleeding provokes pecking from other birds - Overcrowding - Bullying - Lack of protein or grit

Corns and bumblefoot in poultry

- Bad perching, injuries - Remove corns - Clean, poultice, bandage - Antibiotics of little use

Scaly leg in poultry

Ectoparasite Typically raised scales Many folk remedies, and some of them work

'Favus' - microsporum in poultry

On face Not common

Depluming mite in poultry

Find mite in feather shafts VERY pruritic Ivermectin (7 day egg withdrawal)

Red mite in poultry

Live in woodwork Infestation inevitable if no control

Feather lice in poultry

very very common

Northern mite in poultry

Occasional problem in poultry

Fowl pox prevention

- Currently no vaccine - Some use in pigeon pox vaccine - Try to buy only from good sources (Can spread by insects/wild birds, but less likely with good control)

Meningitis in poultry

Anorexia Heat tilt Individual birds Need antibiotic that crosses BBB

Marek's disease in poultry

- Herpes virus - Settles in lymphoid tissue: demyelination - Younger birds - Lameness to spastic paralysis, often unilateral - Virus shed - Vaccinate day old chicks

Wounds and fractures in poultry

- All birds are very resistant to skin infection - Wounds heal well and fast - Fractures: fixation for 14-28 days is usually sufficient

Lameness in poultry

- Fractures - Marek's - Mating injuries - Jumping down from too high perch - Foot injuries - Severe scaly leg

Analgesics for poultry

- Nothing licensed ○ Butorphanol/methadone ○ Meloxicam ○ Gabapentin/tramadol

Antibiotics in poultry

Not licensed for birds producing eggs for human consumption