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Other species > Backyard poultry > Flashcards

Backyard poultry Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional housing of poultry

A
  • Poultry house with run, or access to ‘free range’
  • Fixed or moveable
  • Overnight and laying accommodation only
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2
Q

Ark and eglu for poultry

A
  • Not much space
  • Need moving regularly
  • Not much protection from weather or predators
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3
Q

Aviary housing for poultry

A

Outdoor area is also enclosed so good for protection

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4
Q

Free range poultry

A
  • Daylight hours on grass etc.
  • Need grass/insects, shelter (trees)
  • Dustbath
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5
Q

Housing considerations for poultry

A
  • Perching: 25-30cm per laying bird
    • Nest box (per 3-4 birds)
    • Droppings board?
    • Adequate insulation
    • Adequate ventilation
    • Protection from wild birds
    • Protection from the elements
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6
Q

Feeding poultry

A

A hen in lay (2kg) eats about 125g feed
Drinks 200ml water

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7
Q

Food for poultry

A
  • Layers pellets
    • Grit
      ○ Mineral
      ○ Oystershell
    • Mixed corn- a treat!
    • Not kitchen scraps
    • Vegetables
    • Care with long grass
    • High producing hens need a calorie and protein
      rich diet to be optimally productive
      • Corn is yummy but low in protein
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8
Q

‘Ex batts’

A
  • Birds removed from cages or free range system at the end of period of lay
    • Physiologically exhausted
    • Poor bones
    • Few feathers
    • Never met enteric parasites
    • But vaccinated
    • NOTE: poultry tend to moult at the end of a period of lay
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9
Q

Parasite control for poultry

A
  • Internal parasites
    ○ Worms
    § Any age
    ○ Coccidiosis
    § Young birds
    § Ex-batts
  • External parasites
    ○ All birds, all the time
    • Red mite
    • Lice
    • Scaly leg

Worm every 3-6 months

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10
Q

Vaccinations for poultry

A
  • Marek’s
    • Infectious bronchitis
    • Newcastle disease
    • Laryngotracheitis
    • Fowl pox
    • Salmonella
    • Mycoplasma
    • Coccidiosis
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11
Q

How long do poultry feathers take to regrow?

A

5-6 weeks

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12
Q

Mycoplasmosis in poultry

A

‘One eyed cold’
- Bubbly eyes
- Sinusitis
- Reduced appetite
- Miserable
- Sinus swelling
- Treat with: Tylosin
?Nutritional support

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13
Q

Infectious bronchitis in poultry

A
  • Coronavirus
    • (transient respiratory signs)
    • Goes to shell gland
      • Advise culling
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14
Q

Avian influenza

A
  • Notifiable
    • Most birds affected/die
    • If in area: house birds
      • Holding of 50+: register - law maybe changing
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15
Q

Newcastle disease in poultry

A
  • Notifiable
    • Vaccinated?
    • Paramyxovirus
      • Sudden death/nervous signs/diarrhoea/respiratory signs
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16
Q

ART (Avian rhinotracheitis)

A

Behaves as IBV, including the effect on the eggs

Note: all respiratory problems may be complicated by secondary bacterial infection

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17
Q

‘Canker’ trichomoniasis in poultry

A
  • Cheesy deposit in oral cavity
    • Usually infection from wild birds
    • May be untreatable if too extensive
      • NB: banned drugs
18
Q

Impacted crop in poultry

A
  • Owners have usually tried to clear it themselves
    • Lubrication, massage, and flushing
    • Ingluviotomy
      • Long grass, etc.
19
Q

Sour crop, pendulous crop

A

candidiasis - treat with nystatin

recurring episodes may lead to loss of muscle tone

20
Q

Coccidiosis in poultry

A
  • Often ex-batts
    • Bird miserable, hunched
    • D++ +/- blood
    • ‘Baycox’ anticoccidial
    • Environmental clean up
    • Need long term control
      Coccidiostat?
21
Q

Worms in poultry (4)

A
  • Ascarids
    • Capillaria
    • Heterakis
    • (Syngamus)
      Worm regularly with ‘Flubenvet’
22
Q

Salmonellosis in poultry

A

All commercial layers vaccinated
backyard layers may still be a risk

23
Q

Egg peritonitis in poultry

A

Ovarian disease

coelomic fluid to full peritonitis

guarded to poor prognosis

24
Q

Egg binding/malformed/soft shelled eggs in poultry

A

Ca deficiency

usually at start of laying season

infectious bronchitis

25
Q

Cloacal prolapse in poultry

A
  • True emergency
    • Think trauma, haemorrhage, infection, myasis
    • Identify cause
      ○ Parasites, ovarian disease, etc.
      • Surgery? Suprelorin implant?
26
Q

Moulting in poultry

A
  • Ex-batts poorly feathered to start with
    • Normal birds moult at the end of a period of lay
    • Prolonged moult suggests poor health
27
Q

Feather picking in poultry

A
  • External parasites
    • Pruritis (may pick self or neighbour)
    • Bleeding provokes pecking from other birds
    • Overcrowding
    • Bullying
    • Lack of protein or grit
28
Q

Corns and bumblefoot in poultry

A
  • Bad perching, injuries
    • Remove corns
    • Clean, poultice, bandage
    • Antibiotics of little use
29
Q

Scaly leg in poultry

A

Ectoparasite
Typically raised scales
Many folk remedies, and some of them work

30
Q

‘Favus’ - microsporum in poultry

A

On face
Not common

31
Q

Depluming mite in poultry

A

Find mite in feather shafts
VERY pruritic
Ivermectin (7 day egg withdrawal)

32
Q

Red mite in poultry

A

Live in woodwork
Infestation inevitable if no control

33
Q

Feather lice in poultry

A

very very common

34
Q

Northern mite in poultry

A

Occasional problem in poultry

35
Q

Fowl pox

A
  • Currently no vaccine
    • Some use in pigeon pox vaccine
    • Try to buy only from good sources
      (Can spread by insects/wild birds, but less likely with good control)
36
Q

Meningitis in poultry

A

Anorexia
Heat tilt
Individual birds
Need antibiotic that crosses BBB

37
Q

Marek’s disease in poultry

A
  • Herpes virus
    • Settles in lymphoid tissue: demyelination
    • Younger birds
    • Lameness to spastic paralysis, often unilateral
    • Virus shed
      • Vaccinate day old chicks
38
Q

Wounds and fractures in poultry

A
  • All birds are very resistant to skin infection
    • Wounds heal well and fast
      • Fractures: fixation for 14-28 days is usually sufficient
39
Q

Lameness in poultry

A
  • Fractures
    • Marek’s
    • Mating injuries
    • Jumping down from too high perch
    • Foot injuries
    • Severe scaly leg
40
Q

Analgesics for poultry

A
  • Nothing licensed
    ○ Butorphanol/methadone
    ○ Meloxicam
    ○ Gabapentin/tramadol
41
Q

Antibiotics in poultry

A

Not licensed for birds producing eggs for human consumption

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