Reproduction

Question 1

follicle development

Answer 1

ovaries produce egg, the outter layer of the ovaries is the cortex and this part contains follicles. a follicle is known as oocyte and it is surrounded by cells that nourish the egg and produce estrogen– mature follicle is called a GRIFFIN FOLLICLE- moves to the surface of the ovary, it blisters and ruptures , the egg is then released into the fallopian tubes from FIMBRIA and peristaltic contractions move it to uterus. the egg only lives between 4 and 24 hours so it must be fertilized in the fallopian tube. the ruptured follicle cells turn into the CORPUS LUTEUM. the corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone

Question 2

endometrium

Answer 2

lining of the uterus and it is made of two layers. every month the layer grows and if pregnancy does not occur it is shed through menstruation. if the egg is fertilized the zygote implants itself in the endometrium this is called implantation.

Question 3

anatomy of female reproductive system

Answer 3

ovaries which lead to fallopian tubes or oviduct, then uterus which has the endometrium. and then the cervix which is a sphincter then the vagina

Question 4

hormones and female reproduction

Answer 4

LH lutenzing hormone and FSH follicle stimulating hormone)- tropic hormones released by the ant pit and they are stimulate by the gonadotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus
estrogen is secreted from the follicle and from the corpus luteum (follicular origin) and it is the main hormone that promotes secondary sex characteristics (body fat, hair, puberty) and the growth of the vagina and uterus
progesterone- only produced by the corpus luteum

Question 5

ovarian cycle

Answer 5

physical changes in the ovary- days 1-13 follicle maturing day 14 ovulation (1-14 is known as the follicular phase) 15-28 is the luteal phase

Question 6

menstrual cycle

Answer 6

-physical changes in endometrium 1-5 menstruation - endometrium shed. 6-13 endometrium rebuilding 14-24 thickening of the endometrium and mucus secreting glands

Question 7

hormone regulation in the cycles

Answer 7

follicular phase (1-14) FSH and LH  are secreted from ant pit which causes the follicle to grow 2. the follicle secretes estrogen and that stimulates the rebuilding of the endometrium. 8-10 there is a surge of estrogen from the follicle (surge in LH and FSH from ant pit) LH and FSH peak on day 14 there is a peak in LH and ovulation occurs 
luteal phase- 5. corpus lute starts to develop (LH level dropping now) 6. corpus luteum cells secrete estrogen and progesterone causes the endometrium to grow more and produce mucus glands. 7.*** estrogen and progesterone inhibit the release of ;LH and FSH (thru negative feedback loops) 8. corpus luteum starts to degenerate 9. progesterone and estrogen levels drop off (no corpus luteum) 
follicular phase- 10. the decrease in estrogen and progesterone cause your endometrium to shed 11. LH and FSH are no longer inhibited and are released from the ant pit stimulating the growth of a new follicle

Question 8

pregnancy

Answer 8

zygote travels down oviduct to uterus and imbeds into endometrium (called implantation) the zygote secretes human chronic gonadotropin (HCG) which maintains the corpus luteum (progesterone and estrogen continue to be produced) and the endometrium remains because HCG also inhibits the release of LH and FSH from the ant pit (negative feedback loop)= no more follicles. the placenta produces estrogen and progesterone and HCG

Question 9

asexual reproduction

Answer 9

mitotic division- budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis

Question 10

path of sperm

Answer 10

moves from testis through epididymis to vas deferent. the vas deferent goes past the pubic bone up and over the bladder, it travels through the seminal vesicle through an ejaculatory duct and moves into the urethre and goes through the prostate. it passes the bulbourethral gland and contuunies through the urethra out the penis

Question 11

3 male glands

Answer 11

bulbourethral, prostate and seminal vesicles all produce seminal fluid, sugars and neutralizing agents.

Question 12

spermatogenesis

Answer 12

primordial germ cells form stem cells which form spermatogonia which make spermatocytes (all by mitosis) the spermatocytes undergo meiosis and produce 4 spermatids and these develop into sperm cells
seminiferous tubule is concentric organization of spermatogenesis in the testes– they develop into the centre and mature sperm are released into the lumen of the tubule. they travel down the seminiferous tubule to the epididymis

Question 13

oogenesis

Answer 13

oogonia is made from germ cells which stops mitosis and forms primary oocytes and these go inside the follicle.when puberty occurs FSH stimulates growth of the follicle and the second mitotic division starts and then stops at metaphase the secondary oocyte is released at ovulation, sperm must penetrate the oocyte for meiosis to continue - complete oogenesis is the sperm head in the mature egg