immunity Flashcards
innate immunity
nonspecific all plants and animals have it– barries prevent pathogens from entering the body it has receptors and the response is rapid
splinter enters body
mast cells secrete histamines and macrophage secretes cytokines and both are signal molecules which cause vasodilation and increased permeability. signals attract neutrophils which digest pathogens at the sight– this is innate
adaptive immunity
only vertebrates have it- it is specific to the pathogen that has evaded innate immunity. it is slower– humeral defence of body fluids and cell mediated-cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells
BONE MARROW makes specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes and they are t cells or b cells
- antigen triggers the immune response from b or t cells
epitope
part of pathogen that binds to b or t cell receptor
humoral immunity
blood or lymph fluid– B CELLS USED.
B CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR-theres the antigen binding site which can be changed according to the antigen of the pathogen, the light chain which connects the two binding sites to the middle and they are connected by disulphide bridges which goes down into the cell membrane and it is held on by heavy chains
*** b cells float freely in humours of body
** receptors on Bcells are called ANTIBODIES
** b cell antigen that fits epitope of of pathogen, that b cell replicates and releases the soluble antibodies (antigen receptors)
** antibodies recognize different epitope on same antigen
immunoglobulins
fancy name for antibody
cell mediated immunity
t cell antigen receptors attach to infected cells
- the infected host cell uses enzymes that chop up antigen and the protein called major histocom potability complex of MHC displays cell antigen for t cell receptor to attach to - t cells produce chemicals that destroy the host cell *** memory b cells or t cells are made for future infections
