Reproduction 2 Flashcards
The two functions of the Ovaries are to produce ______ via Oogenesis and to produce Sex Hormones ______ and _______
Gametes; Estradiol and Progesterone
Where is the site of Fertilization?
Oviducts
Where is the site of embryonic development
Uterus
The Uterus has 2 layers, the ______ and the _______.
Myometrium and Endometrium
Describe the Myometrium
Thick wall of smooth muscle
Describe the Endometrium
Lines the Lumen with connective tissue glands and blood vessels.
What happens in the Endometrium when fertilization occurs?
Embryo is implanted
What happens in the Endometrium when fertilization does NOT occur?
No Fertilization occurs - menstruation occurs
What does the cervix do?
Closes the uterus, separates from Vagina
What is the two roles of the Vagina?
Receive Sperm
Birth Canal
What is the vulva and what does it do?
Vulva is external genetilia and it covers external openings
SEQ, HD Oogenesis in the Embryo
1.) Primordial germ cell undergoes Mitosis, forms Oogonia/ Oogonium
2.) Oogonia/Oogonium undergo mitosis, form Primary Oocyte
3.) Primary Oocyte begins Meiosis 1, stops in Prophase 1
What is the ploidy throughout Oogenesis in the Embryo?
Diploid (2n)
SEQ Oogenesis after Puberty.
1.) Primary Oocyte completes Meiosis 1, forms a Polar Body (n) and a Secondary Oocyte (n)
2.) Secondary Oocyte begins Meiosis 2, stops at Metaphase 2
3.) As Secondary Oocyte matures it moves to the surface of the Ovary
4.) Follicle Cells break down ovary wall
5.) Secondary Oocyte is injected into Oviduct
SEQ, HD Oogenesis after Puberty. What happens is Sperm is received after Secondary Oocyte is injected into the Oviduct. What happens if no sperm is received?
SPERM Received - Meiosis 2 is complete - Oogenesis is complete
NO SPERM - Egg disintegrates, Corpus Luteum dies, Menstruation Occurs
The Corpus Luteum is a portion of ______ left behind in the _____ after Ovulation. It develops into a temporary ______ ____, and secretes _____ and ______
Follicle; Ovary; Endocrine Gland; Estrogen & Progesterone
A Follicle is a structure within the ____. Follicles contain A., B, and a C - a glycoprotein layer between the follicle cells and Oocyte.
Ovary
A. Primary Oocyte
B. Follicle Cells
C. Zona Pellucida
SEQ the general endocrinology pathway in Females
Hypothalamus secretes GnRH
Stimulates A.P., secretes LH and FSH
Target Ovaries
Produce Estradiol & Progesterone
SEQ/HD the Ovarian Cycle. What occurs in the Early Follicular Phase
Hypothalamus secretes GnRH, stimulates A.P
A.P secretes LH & FSH
LH & FSH target the Ovaries
Early Follicle develops, contains low estradiol
Low estradiol inhibits A.P
SEQ/ HD the Ovarian Cycle. What happens in the late follicular phase?
Same steps as Early stage except the follicle will now be mature and contains higher levels of estradiol.
High levels of estradiol cause a positive feedback loop - cause Hypothalamus to secrete more GnRH causing a LH surge (Hypersecretion)
LH Hypersecretion/surge leads to Ovulation
Describe what happens after Ovulation in the Ovarian Cycle (after Day 14)
Mature follicle remaining after Ovulation becomes the Corpus Luteum
LH Surge stimulates Corpus Luteum causing the secretion of Estradiol & Progesterone
Estradiol & Progesterone inhibit the Hypothalamus, preventing secretion of GnRH
This is a negative feedback mechanism with the purpose of preventing an egg from maturing after pregnancy may have started.
What occurs if no pregnancy occurs in the Ovarian Cycle?
Low FSH and LH levels cause Corpus Luteum to disintegrate
No Corpus Luteum means no production of Estradiol (estrogen) & Progesterone
No Estradiol & Progesterone means the Hypothalamus will no longer be inhibited, GnRH is secreted again.
What occurs in the Proliferative Phase of the Uterine Cycle?
Endometrium thickens due to the release of Estradiol by the growing follicle
What occurs in the Secretory Phase of the Uterine Cycle if Pregnancy occurs vs if pregnancy does not occur?
If Pregnancy occurs: Arteries grow & Endometrial glands grow
No Pregnancy: Arteries constrict & Corpus luteum disintegrates
