Lecture 3: Eukaryotes Flashcards
What is included in Eukaryotic Structure
- Membrane-bound organelles
-Nucleus
-Mitochondria from Primary endosymbiosis
-Cytoskeleton
True or False: Eukaryotes are ANEROBIC
False - Eukaryotes are Aerobic, they require O2
What is a Cytoskeleton? Describe its function.
Network of fibers that supports eukaryotic cell structure without the need for a cell wall.
-Allows for asymmetry
-Allows for Polarity
Describe Endosymbiosis.
Relationship between two species in which one lives inside of the other
Describe Serial Endosymbiosis
More than one endosymbiotic event.
What are two types of Endosymbiosis?
Primary - Prokaryote gets eaten, becomes organelle
Secondary - Eukaryote gets eaten, becomes organelle
In Primary Endosymbiosis, a _ is engulfed by a larger _ Eukaryotic Cell
Cyanobacteria(prokaryote), Heterotrophic
List Characteristics of Protists
- Contain Chloroplasts from Cyanobacteria via Primary Endosymbiosis
- Contain 2nd Plastids derived from Eukaryotes via Secondary endosymbiosis
-Representative of first eukaryotic cells
What are the 5 Supergroups? (Double A, Son Of Duty)
-Archaea-Plastids
-Amoebozoans
-SAR
-Opisthakonta
-Discoba
Define Mixotrophs
Capable of Photosynthesis and Heterotrophy
Protists can be _, _, and _
Heterotrophs, Autotrophs, and Mixotrophs
Supergroups are mostly _?
Unicellular
Archaeplastids contain _
Chloroplasts from Primary Endosymbiosis
Define SAR
Stramenopiles
Alveolates
Rhizarians
What do Stramenopiles contain?
2 Flagella
- One hairy
- One smooth
Alveolates contain?
Alveoli
What are Alveoli?
Flattened vesicles inside plasma membrane support membrane structure
What are characteristics of Rhizarians?
Often have protective shells of calcium or silica
What are characteristics of Amoebozoans?
Blob Shape
Slime molds
Entamoebas - Free living or Parasitic
What is included nails in Opisthokonta?
Animals, fungi, several groups of Protists
What are shared traits of Discoba?
-Crystalline Rods in Flagella
-Some have secondary plastids from green algae - mixotrophic
