Endocrine System 2 Flashcards
SEQ the General Endocrine Pathway
- Endocrine cell responds to stimulus
- Hormone is released
- Hormone travels via bloodstream
- Hormone interacts with target cells
- Triggers physiological response
SEQ the General Neuroendocrine pathway
- Sensory Neuron receives signal
- Neurosecretory Cells stimulated
- Secrete Neurohormone
Neurohormones travels via bloodstream
Interacts with target cell
Triggers Physiological response.
What are the two modes of action of the Hypothalamus? What two sites does it inhibit or stimulate?
1.) Secrete Releasing Hormones (RH) and Inhibiting Hormones (IH) - Anterior Pituitary
2.) Posterior Pituitary Hormones - ADH & Oxytocin
What are the two types of Pituitary?
- Posterior Pituitary
- Anterior Pituitary
What two things does the Posterior Pituitary secrete and store?
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Oxytocin
What are the two kinds of Thyroid disorders?
1.) Hyperthyroidism - Too much Thyroid Hormone
2.) Hypothyroidism - Low Thyroid Hormone
SEQ/HD Thyroid Gland: SEQ what will happen if a low thyroid hormone stimulus is received?
- Hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
- Anterior Pituitary gland is stimulated, secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- TSH secretes more Thyroid Hormone (TH)
What is an example of Hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ Disease
At normal levels of Thyroid Hormone (TH), what happens to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)?
They are both suppressed via negative feedback; at normal levels, more TH is not needed.
What is the Parathyroid?
4 glands in connective tissue that surround the Thyroid
At low blood Ca2+ levels, Hypothalamus secretes ___, leading to reactions that trigger a rise in blood Ca2+ levels
Parathyroid Releasing Hormone
At high blood Ca2+ levels, the Thyroid releases _____, which is antagonistic to the PTH.
Calcitonin - Increases Ca2+ excretion from kidneys
where are the Adrenal Glands glands located?
On top of the Kidneys
The adrenal glands contain 2 parts: the __A__ (Adrenal Medulla), and the __B__ (Adrenal Cortex)
A. Central (A.M.) [TIME]
B. Outer [A.O.C]
The Adrenal Medulla corresponds to what type of stress?
Short term stress
The adrenal cortex corresponds to ____ ___ stress
Long term stress
In response to ____ ____ stress, the Adrenal Medulla releases ______
A. Short term stress
B. Epinephrine, norepinephrine
What are some effects of the Adrenal Medulla secreting Epinephrine, norephinephrine?
- Increased O2 delivery
- Glycogen breaks down into Glucose
- Blood circulation around the body
In response to LONG term stress, the hypothalamus secretes Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), stimulating the A.P to release ____, which stimulates the Adrenal Cortex to secrete ______
ACTH
Corticosteroids
What are the two types of Corticosteroids
1.) Glucosteroids
2.) Minerocortecoids
What is the difference between Tropic & Non-tropic hormones?
Tropic Hormones target other glands, multiple responses; Non-tropic hormones get only 1 response
SEQ Thyroid Pathway
- Hypothalamus relases TRH
-Stimulates A.P. - releases TSH - TSH targets Thyroid Gland
-Thyroid gland releases T3 and T4 (Thyroid Hormones)
SEQ Adrenal Cortex Pathway
- Hypothalamus releases CRF
- Stimulates A.P. - secretes ACTH
- ACTH targets the Adrenal Cortex: releases Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids & Mineralocorticoids
SEQ Adrenal Medulla Pathway
Adrenal Medulla secretes Epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to short term stress (Flight or Fight)
