Lecture 4: Fungi Flashcards
Opisthikonta shared a common ancestor that was _, _ and _
Unicellular, Heterotroph (primary producer), and had 1 flagellum instead of 2
Before Plants there were: (3)
1.) Cyanobacteria
2.) Algae
3.) Small Heterotrophs including Fungi
What is a derived trait amongst ALL Fungi that allows them to absorb organic matter?
Absorbative Heterotrophy (External Digestion)
Describe Absorbative Heterophy.
Fungi release hydrolases (hydrolytic enzymes) that break down substrates into organic matter (polymers to monomers). The organic matter is absorbed by the Fungi.
What are the 3 Lifestyles of Fungi?
- Decomposers
- Parasites
- Mutualists
What is the Function of Decomposers?
Break down organic material. They are essential for recycling inorganic nutrients
What is the function of Mutualists?
Absorb Nutrients from host but do not harm the host
What is the function of a Fungal Parasite?
Absorb Nutrients from the Host and do not provide any benefits to the host
What are Hyphae?
Long, branched, thread like filaments that make up Fungi Structure
What can Hyphae do? What does it contain?
Hyphae can elongate, helping the fungi search for nutrients. Hyphae contain a tubular cell wall that surrounds the plasma membrane
What do Fungi Cell Walls contain?
Chitin
Why is Chitin used in Fungi Cell Walls?
It is very strong and durable
Describe Mycellium
Mycelium is a tangled mass of Hyphae.
Most Fungi reproduce via _?
Spores
Describe Fruiting Bodies
Complex, multicellular reproductive structure
Describe Aerial Hyphae
Permit dispersal of Spores
What role do spores play in the relationship between parents and offspring?
Prevent competition for resources
What are specialized hyphae?
Hyphae that are adapted for feeding on living animals
What are 2 types of Specialized Hyphae? (HM)
1.) Haustoria
2.) Mycorrhizae
Describe Haustoria
Penetrate Plant Tissue, can be parasitic or mutualistic
Describe Mycorhizae
Mutualism between Fungi and Plant Root
TRUE OR FALSE: Spores are Diploid?
False, Spores are Haploid (n) - only contain 1 set of chromosomes
Spores are produced via _
Hyphae
Describe characteristics of Spores, what do they require?
Spores are non-motile and require moisture and food to move through an environment
