Endocrine System 1 Flashcards
SEQ/CC Feedback Mechanisms: What are the two feedback mechanisms? What do they do?
1.) Positive Feedback - Amplify Changes
2.) Negative Feedback - Maintain a set point/condition
CC Intercellular Communication: What are the 5 types of intercellular signaling methods?
NEPAS
-Neuroendocrine
-Endocrine
-Paracrine
-Autocrine
-Synaptic
Neuroendocrine signaling involves ____ cells transmitting signals to other ____ cells.
Nerve (Neuro = Nerve)
Endocrine signaling involves ____ traveling through the bloodstream to target ____ ____
Hormones; Distant Cells
(Endo = ECHOOOOO)
Paracrine Signaling involves _____ cell signaling
Nearby
Autocrine cells respond to ____
Their own signaling molecules
(Auto = self)
Synaptic signaling is the signaling between _____
Neuronal Synapses
CC Endocrine & Exocrine Glands
-Endocrine Glands: Ductless, take in substances
-Exocrine Glands: Contain Ducts, expel substances
CC Hormone Types: List the 3 Types and describe if they are Lipid or Water Soluble
(PHSA)
- Polypeptide Hormone (PH): Water soluble
- Steroids: Lipid soluble
- Amines: Water soluble
CC Exchange surfaces:
Living systems can exchange __A___ , ____B____, and ___C____.
A. Gas
B. Nutrients
C. Waste
Exchange is limited by the bodys ___A.___ _____. Large Cells will have __B.___ rate of exchnage across their membranes.
A. Surface Area.
B. Slower
What is the function of Minerocortecoids?
Regulate minerals in the Nervous System
SEQ water - soluble pathway
1.) water soluble hormone is released
2.) hormone binds to target cell receptors
3.) G-protein complex is activated
4.) GTP replaces GDP
5.) Adenyl Cyclase is activated
6.) A.C. converts ATP to cAMP
7.) cAMP activates Protein Kinases
8.) Phosphorylation occurs - phosphate groups activate (can inhibit or amplify reaction)
9.) POST -Translational control
SEQ Lipid Soluble Pathway
1.) Lipid Hormone is released from Endocrine cell into bloodstream
2.) Hormone binds to transport proteins in the blood
3.) Diffusion into target cell
4.) Once inside of the cell, hormone can follow 2 paths
Path 1.) Bind Receptor on Cytoplasm
or
Path 2.) Pass into the Nucleus
- Both Paths result in changes within the target cell.
Are lipid-soluble pathways pre or post transcriptional?
Lipid pathways are pre-transcriptional: result in changes within the target cell
Which pathway has short term effects?
Water Soluble - Post Trans - Quicker - Short-term effects
Lipid Soluble - Pre Trans - Slower - Long-term effects
